Diarrhea in the returned traveller

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Differential Diagnosis

Bacteria
- Escherichia coli (entero-hemorragic (EHEC), entero-toxigenic (ETEC)): most common cause
  - Usually afebrile
  - Diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC) also exists
- Campylobacter jejuni: more common in SE Asia
- Salmonella (non-typhoidal)
- Shigella
- Plesiomonas (unclear if cause of diarrhea)
- Vibrio cholerae
Viruses
- Norovirus: most common virus
Parasites
- Giardia lamblia: usually afebrile
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Cyclospora cayetanensis
- Cryptosporidium
- Strongyloides stercoralis

References

^ Nipam Shah, David J. Ramsey, Herbert L. DuPont. Global Etiology of Travelers’ Diarrhea: Systematic Review from 1973 to the Present. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2009;80(4):609-614. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2009.80.609.

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