Gram-negative bacteria

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Gram-negative bacteria

Definition

Bacteria that have a thin peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall and therefore stain [pink or red] on Gram stain
Outer membrane contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS, which consists of lipid A, core polysaccharide, and O antigen)

Classification

Bacilli
- Lactose-fermenting
  - Fast fermenters
    - Escherichia coli
    - Klebsiella
    - Enterobacter
  - Slow fermenters
    - Citrobacter
    - Serratia
- Non-lactose-fermenting
  - Oxidase-positive
    - Pseudomonas spp.
    - Burkholderia spp.
  - Oxidase-negative
    - Urease-positive
      - Helicobacter pylori
      - Proteus mirabilis
    - Urease-negative
      - Campylobacter
      - Shigella
      - Salmonella
      - Yersinia
Cocci
- Neisseria
  - N. meningitidis
  - N. gonorrheae
Coccobacilli
- Haemophilus (S. aureus satellite colonies)
- Pasteurella
- Brucella
- Bordatella pertussis
- Francisella tularensis
- Legionella
Anaerobes
- Bacteroides

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