Cavitary lung disease

Differential Diagnosis

• Infection
  • Bacterial
    • Anaerobic or mixed
    • Staph. aureus*
    • *Klebsiella pneumoniae
    • Enterobacteracieae
    • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Legionella, Haemophilus influenzae type B
    • Nocardia
    • Actinomyces
    • Melioidosis (Burkholderia pseudomallei)
  • Mycobacterial
    • Tuberculosis
    • Nontuberculous mycobacteria
      • M. avium complex
      • M. kansasii
  • Fungi
    • Aspergillus
    • Coccidioides
    • Histoplasma
    • Blastomyces dermatitidis
    • Cryptococcus
    • Mucormycosis
    • Pneumocystis jirovecii
  • Parasites
    • Entamoeba histolytica
    • Paragonimus westermani
    • Echinococcus and Pneumocystis (cysts)
  • Post-pneumonia pneumatocele
  • Septic pulmonary embolism
  • Lemierre syndrome
• Malignancy
  • Primary bronchogenic carcinoma, especially squamous cell
  • Cavitating lung metastasis
    • Squamous cell carcinoma
    • Adenocarcinoma
    • Sarcoma
• Inflammatory disease
  • Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
  • Rheumatoid nodules
  • Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Pulmonary Langerhans histiocytosis
• Vascular
  • Pulmonary infarction
• Trauma
  • Traumatic pneumatocele
  • Foreign body aspiration
• Congenital
  • Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM)
  • Pulmonary sequestration
  • Bronchogenic cyst