- Disease caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis in the North America and Europe and Spirillum minus in Asia
| Strep. moniliformis | Sp. minus | |
|---|---|---|
| Organism | Gram-negative bacillus | Gram-negative coiled rod |
| Distribution | North America and Europe | Asia |
| Mode of transmission | Rate bite, ingestion | Rat bite |
| Clinical syndrome | Arthritis Rash Relapsing fever |
Ulceration at bite Regional lymphadenopathy Rash Relapsing fever |
| Complications | More endocarditis | |
| Diagnosis | Culture, PCR | Direct visualization, xenodiagnosis |
| Therapy | Penicillin G | Penicillin G |
