Infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Timeline of Infections

Time	Risk factors	Bacteria	Viruses	Fungi	Parasites
Pre-engraftment day 0 to 30	Neutropenia, mucositis, and central lines	GPCs and GNBs	BK virus, HSV, and resp/enteric viruses	Candida and Aspergillus	Strongyloides
Early post-engraftment to day 100	Immunosuppressing meds, acute GVHD, central lines	GPCs, encapsulated bacteria, Listeria, Salmonella, Nocardia	HSV, CMV, HHV-6, adenovirus, resp/enteric viruses	Aspergillus, other molds, PJP	Strongyloides, Toxoplasma
Mid post-engraftment to 1 year	Immunosuppressing meds, chronic GVHD	Encapsulated bacteria, Listeria, Salmonella, Nocardia	VZV, EBV (and PTLD), CMV, respiratory/enteric viruses	Aspergillus, other molds, PJP
Late post-engraftment after 1 year	Immuneosuppresing meds, chronic GVHD	Encapsulated bacteria, Listeria, Salmonella, Nocardia	VZV, CMV, respiratory/enteric viruses