Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1
From IDWiki
Background
- Also known as macacine herpesvirus 1, macacine alphaherpesvirus 1, cercopithecine herpesvirus 1, CHV-1), herpes B virus, monkey B virus, herpesvirus simiae and herpesvirus B
History
- First diagnosed in a researcher in 1933
Microbiology
- Double-stranded DNA virus
- Alphaherpesvirus, in the same family as HSV
Pathophysiology
- Virus replicates locally at the site of inoculation, then spreads from peripheral nerves to spinal cord to brainstem to brain
Clinical Presentation
- Typically via bite or scratch of macaque monkey
- Asymptomatic or similar presentation to HSV in the monkey
- Seroprevalence reaches 100% in some populations of macaques
- Incubation period 5 to 21 days (range 2 days to 5 weeks)
- Three clinical forms:
- Flu-like illness followed by CNS symptoms
- Local symptoms (itching, tingling, numbness, or pain) at the inoculation site, with or without vesicular rash and regional lymphadenopathy
- Peripheral or central nervous system symptoms, with meningismus, vomiting, confusion, cranial nerve palsies
- Eventually progresses to global encephalitis, seizures, paralysis, and respiratory failure
- Mortality 70% if untreated
Diagnosis
Management
References
- ^ Joshua Fierer. Herpes B Virus Encephalomyelitis Presenting as Ophthalmic Zoster. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1973;79(2):225. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-79-2-225.
