| Fluid | Na | Cl | K | Ca | Mg | pH | Osm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plasma | 140 | 103 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 7.4 | 290 |
| 0.9% saline | 154 | 154 | 5.7 | 308 | |||
| 0.45% saline | 76 | 76 | ?? | 154 | |||
| Ringer's lactate | 130 | 109 | 4 | 3 | 6.5 | 273 |
Normal saline
- Isotonic
- Causes a metabolic hyperchloremic acidosis, decreasing a normal pH to 7.28 after 2L!
- Cheapest and most widely available crystalloid
Ringer's lactate
- Contains 28 mmol/L of lactate
- Has no effect on acid-base status
- Lower risk of AKI compared to normal saline when used for resuscitation
Plastmalyte
- SPLIT cluster RCT saw no difference in AKI and ICU mortality compared to normal saline, though most patients were not particularly ill
D5W
- Provides 170kcal/L of dextrose (3L/d can protect against protein breakdown)
- 65% moves intracellularly
