Trichinella spiralis: Difference between revisions
From IDWiki
Trichinella spiralis
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
== |
==Background== |
||
*Also known as the '''pork tapeworm''' |
*Also known as the '''pork tapeworm''' |
||
=== |
===Life Cycle=== |
||
*Can complete its life cycle in a human, pig, boar, bear, walrus, fox, and other animals |
*Can complete its life cycle in a human, pig, boar, bear, walrus, fox, and other animals |
||
*Life cycle involves ingestion of meat with cysts, which develop into adult worms, which release eggs, which invade through gut mucosa and migrate to muscle, where it becomes a muscle cyst |
*Life cycle involves ingestion of meat with cysts, which develop into adult worms, which release eggs, which invade through gut mucosa and migrate to muscle, where it becomes a muscle cyst |
||
=== |
===Epidemiology=== |
||
*Acquired in humans by ingestion of undercooked meat |
*Acquired in humans by ingestion of undercooked meat |
||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
*Commercial pork is the most common source of infection in humans, but can also be acquired from a number or wild game meats |
*Commercial pork is the most common source of infection in humans, but can also be acquired from a number or wild game meats |
||
== |
==Clinical Manifestations== |
||
*Spectrum of illness from asymptomatic (most common) to fulminant infection |
*Spectrum of illness from asymptomatic (most common) to fulminant infection |
||
| Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
*Larvae are viable in tissues to years, with calcification usually occurring between 6 and 24 months |
*Larvae are viable in tissues to years, with calcification usually occurring between 6 and 24 months |
||
== |
==Diagnosis== |
||
* |
*Usually made clinically based on exposure history, eosinophilia, and symptoms |
||
* |
*Serology exists, and can be used as paired acute and convalescent titres |
||
** |
**Positive after 2 to 3 weeks, and can stay positive for years |
||
**Cross-reacts with other nematodes (and sometimes with other helminths) |
|||
== |
==Management== |
||
*Treated by [[Is treated by::albendazole]] or [[Is treated by::mebendazole]] |
*Treated by [[Is treated by::albendazole]] or [[Is treated by::mebendazole]] |
||
Revision as of 00:42, 6 December 2020
Background
- Also known as the pork tapeworm
Life Cycle
- Can complete its life cycle in a human, pig, boar, bear, walrus, fox, and other animals
- Life cycle involves ingestion of meat with cysts, which develop into adult worms, which release eggs, which invade through gut mucosa and migrate to muscle, where it becomes a muscle cyst
Epidemiology
- Acquired in humans by ingestion of undercooked meat
- Present in carnivores and omnivores worldwide
- Commercial pork is the most common source of infection in humans, but can also be acquired from a number or wild game meats
Clinical Manifestations
- Spectrum of illness from asymptomatic (most common) to fulminant infection
- Incubation period less than 1 month
- After ingestion of contaminated meat:
- Within first week, may experience abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
- After another 2 to 8 weeks, may have fever, myalgia, periorbital edema, urticarial rash, conjunctival hemorrhage, and subungual hemorrhage, related to migration of larvae into tissues
- In severe disease, after 1 to 2 months, can develop myocarditis, neurological symptoms, and pneumonitis
- Can cause an eosinophilic myositis
- Often has eosinophilia during migratory phase (70%)
- Larvae are viable in tissues to years, with calcification usually occurring between 6 and 24 months
Diagnosis
- Usually made clinically based on exposure history, eosinophilia, and symptoms
- Serology exists, and can be used as paired acute and convalescent titres
- Positive after 2 to 3 weeks, and can stay positive for years
- Cross-reacts with other nematodes (and sometimes with other helminths)
Management
- Treated by albendazole or mebendazole
