Clostridium botulinum: Difference between revisions
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Clostridium botulinum
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+ | ==Background== |
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+ | ===Microbiology=== |
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+ | * Gram-positive anaerobic bacillus with a subterminal spore |
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+ | * Produces seven toxin types, A through G |
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+ | ==Pathophysiology== |
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+ | * Botulinum toxins are zinc-dependent metalloproteinases, and inhibit the release of acetylcholine from the presynaptic neuron |
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+ | * Afebrile with normal or slow heart rate despite hypotension, and sparing the sensory nerves |
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+ | * This presentation contrasts with [[polio]], which can be asymmetric and often has fever |
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+ | ===Foodborne botulism=== |
+ | * Symptoms start 12 to 36 hours after ingestion |
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+ | * Nausea, diarrhea, and dry mouth |
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+ | ** Of note, diarrhea is not caused by the toxin but by other ingested contaminants |
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− | === |
+ | ===Wound botulism=== |
+ | * Incubation period of t to 14 days |
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+ | * May have fever secondary to an infected wound, although the wound can rarely appear to be healing well |
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+ | * Can produce abscesses |
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+ | * Feeding difficulties, hypotonia, drooling, and weak cry |
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+ | * Upper airway obstruction may require intubation |
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+ | * Typically worsens over 1 to 2 weeks, then stabilizes for 2 to 3 weeks, then recovers |
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+ | * Relapses are possible |
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Clostridium botulinum''}} |
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Clostridium botulinum''}} |
Revision as of 22:14, 16 June 2020
Background
Microbiology
- Gram-positive anaerobic bacillus with a subterminal spore
- Produces seven toxin types, A through G
Pathophysiology
- Botulinum toxins are zinc-dependent metalloproteinases, and inhibit the release of acetylcholine from the presynaptic neuron
Clinical Presentation
- Typically involves symmetric descending paralysis, starting with cranial nerves and often involving respiratory muscles
- Afebrile with normal or slow heart rate despite hypotension, and sparing the sensory nerves
- This presentation contrasts with polio, which can be asymmetric and often has fever
Foodborne botulism
- Symptoms start 12 to 36 hours after ingestion
- Nausea, diarrhea, and dry mouth
- Of note, diarrhea is not caused by the toxin but by other ingested contaminants
Wound botulism
- Incubation period of t to 14 days
- May have fever secondary to an infected wound, although the wound can rarely appear to be healing well
- Can produce abscesses
Infant botulism
- Feeding difficulties, hypotonia, drooling, and weak cry
- Upper airway obstruction may require intubation
- Typically worsens over 1 to 2 weeks, then stabilizes for 2 to 3 weeks, then recovers
- Relapses are possible