Tick-borne infections: Difference between revisions
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| American dog tick (''[[Dermacentor variabilis]]'') |
| American dog tick (''[[Dermacentor variabilis]]'') |
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| East of the Rockies, and in limited areas in the Pacific coast |
| East of the Rockies, and in limited areas in the Pacific coast |
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| Tularemia and RMSF |
| [[Tularemia]] and [[RMSF]] |
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| Highest risk of bites in spring and summer. Sometimes called wood ticks. |
| Highest risk of bites in spring and summer. Sometimes called wood ticks. |
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| Blacklegged tick (''[[Ixodes scapularis]]'') |
| Blacklegged tick (''[[Ixodes scapularis]]'') |
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| Across the eastern US and in Ontario |
| Across the eastern US and in Ontario |
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| Lyme disease, Anaplasma, ''B. miyamotoi'', ehrlichiosis, babesiosis, and Powassan virus |
| [[Lyme disease]], [[Anaplasma]], ''[[B. miyamotoi]]'', [[ehrlichiosis]], [[babesiosis]], and [[Powassan virus]] |
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| Highest risk in spring through fall, but can be found any time it's above freezing. |
| Highest risk in spring through fall, but can be found any time it's above freezing. |
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| Brown dog tick (''[[Rhipicephalus sanguineus]]'') |
| Brown dog tick (''[[Rhipicephalus sanguineus]]'') |
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| Worldwide |
| Worldwide |
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| RMSF |
| [[RMSF]] |
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| Dogs are the primary host but it can also bite humans. |
| Dogs are the primary host but it can also bite humans. |
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| Gulf Coast tick (''[[Amblyomma maculatum]]'') |
| Gulf Coast tick (''[[Amblyomma maculatum]]'') |
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| Coastal areas along the Guld of Mexico and southern Atlantic |
| Coastal areas along the Guld of Mexico and southern Atlantic |
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| ''Rickettsia parkeri'' |
| ''[[Rickettsia parkeri]]'' |
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| Lone Star tick (''[[Amblyomma americanum]]'') |
| Lone Star tick (''[[Amblyomma americanum]]'') |
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| Southeastern and eastern United States |
| Southeastern and eastern United States |
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| Ehrlichiosis, Heartland virus, tularemia, STARI |
| [[Ehrlichiosis]], [[Heartland virus]], [[tularemia]], [[STARI]] |
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| Very aggressive tick. Irritation at site does not indicate infection. |
| Very aggressive tick. Irritation at site does not indicate infection. |
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| Rocky Mountain wood tick (''[[Dermacentor andersoni]]'') |
| Rocky Mountain wood tick (''[[Dermacentor andersoni]]'') |
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| Rocky Mountains and southwestern Canada from elevations of 4,000 to 10,500 feet |
| Rocky Mountains and southwestern Canada from elevations of 4,000 to 10,500 feet |
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| RMSF, Colorado tick fever, and tularemia |
| [[RMSF]], [[Colorado tick fever]], and [[tularemia]] |
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| Western blacklegged tick (''[[Ixodes pacificus]]'') |
| Western blacklegged tick (''[[Ixodes pacificus]]'') |
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| Pacific coast of the U.S., particularly northern California |
| Pacific coast of the U.S., particularly northern California |
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| Anaplasmosis and Lyme disease |
| [[Anaplasmosis]] and [[Lyme disease]] |
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[[Category:Vector-borne infections]] |
[[Category:Vector-borne infections]] |
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Revision as of 15:55, 8 November 2019
Clinical Presentation
- Many of the diseases should be suspected in patients with:
- Flu-like illness that occurs not in flu season
- ± cytopenias, ± liver enzyme abnormalities
- Exposure history (outdoors activities, rats)
Diseases
| Lyme disease | Babesiosis | Anaplasmosis | Ehrlichiosis | RMSF | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pathogen | B. burgdorferi | B. microti | A. phagocytophilum | E. chaffeensis | R. rickettsii |
| Incubation | 2-3 wk | 1-4 wk | 5-14 d | 5-14 d | 3-12 d |
| Tick | Black-legged tick | Black-legged tick | Black-legged tick | Black-legged tick, Lonestar tick | American dog tick |
| Symptoms | Fever | Fever, HA, n/v/d | Fever, HA | Fever, HA, myalgias, n/v | Fever, HA |
| Cells | Disseminates | Erythrocytes | Granulocytes | Monocytes | Vascular endothelial |
| Rash | Erythema migrans | Rare | Rare | Maculopapular (30%) | Maculopapular; Eschar with R. parkeri |
| Labs | Uncommon | Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, liver enzymes | Leukopenia, liver enzymes, thrombocytopenia | Leukopenia ± lymphocytosis, liver enzymes, thrombocytopenia | Thrombocytopenia, liver enzymes, hyponatremia |
| Complications | Carditis, neuro sx, arthritis | DIC, ARDS, CHF, AKI | Opportunistic infections, shock | Seizure, coma, CHF, pericardial effusion, shock | Coma/seizure (30%) |
| Diagnosis | EM, serology | Microscopy | Serology, ±microscopy | Serology, ±microscopy | Serology, biopsy |
| Mortality | Rare | 3-20% | 7-10% | 2-5% | 8% |
| Treatment | Doxycycline | Azithromycin, Atovaquone | Doxycycline | Doxycycline | Doxycycline |
Ticks
| Tick | Distribution | Transmits | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) | East of the Rockies, and in limited areas in the Pacific coast | Tularemia and RMSF | Highest risk of bites in spring and summer. Sometimes called wood ticks. |
| Blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) | Across the eastern US and in Ontario | Lyme disease, Anaplasma, B. miyamotoi, ehrlichiosis, babesiosis, and Powassan virus | Highest risk in spring through fall, but can be found any time it's above freezing. |
| Brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) | Worldwide | RMSF | Dogs are the primary host but it can also bite humans. |
| Gulf Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum) | Coastal areas along the Guld of Mexico and southern Atlantic | Rickettsia parkeri | |
| Lone Star tick (Amblyomma americanum) | Southeastern and eastern United States | Ehrlichiosis, Heartland virus, tularemia, STARI | Very aggressive tick. Irritation at site does not indicate infection. |
| Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni) | Rocky Mountains and southwestern Canada from elevations of 4,000 to 10,500 feet | RMSF, Colorado tick fever, and tularemia | |
| Western blacklegged tick (Ixodes pacificus) | Pacific coast of the U.S., particularly northern California | Anaplasmosis and Lyme disease |
