Encephalitis: Difference between revisions
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* Infection of the brain parenchyma causing clouding of the sensorium |
* Infection of the brain parenchyma causing clouding of the sensorium |
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| − | * Some overlap with [[ |
+ | * Some overlap with [[meningitis]] |
| − | = Differential Diagnosis = |
+ | == Differential Diagnosis == |
* Infectious |
* Infectious |
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** Viruses |
** Viruses |
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| − | *** Enteroviruses |
+ | *** [[Enteroviruses]] |
| − | *** Eastern or Western equine encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile virus |
+ | *** [[Eastern equine encephalitis|Eastern]] or [[Western equine encephalitis]], [[Japanese encephalitis]], [[Murray Valley encephalitis]], [[St. Louis encephalitis]], [[West Nile virus]] |
| − | *** Rabies |
+ | *** [[Rabies virus]] |
| − | *** Hendra virus |
+ | *** [[Hendra virus]] |
| − | *** Nipah virus |
+ | *** [[Nipah virus]] |
| − | *** Tickborne encephalitis, La Crosse virus, Powassan virus |
+ | *** [[Tickborne encephalitis]], [[La Crosse virus]], [[Powassan virus]] |
** Bacteria |
** Bacteria |
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| − | *** ''Mycoplasma pneumoniae'' |
+ | *** ''[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]'' |
| − | *** ''Listeria monocytogenes'' |
+ | *** ''[[Listeria monocytogenes]]'' |
| − | *** ''Borrelia burgdorferi'' (Lyme disease) |
+ | *** ''[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]'' (Lyme disease) |
| − | *** ''Coxiella burnetii'' |
+ | *** ''[[Coxiella burnetii]]'' |
| − | *** ''Bartonella henselae'' or ''B. quintana'' |
+ | *** ''[[Bartonella henselae]]'' or ''[[B. quintana]]'' |
** Other |
** Other |
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| − | *** ''Cryptococcus neoformans'' |
+ | *** ''[[Cryptococcus neoformans]]'' |
| − | *** ''Toxoplasma gondii'' |
+ | *** ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]'' |
| − | *** ''Bayliscarias procyonis'' |
+ | *** ''[[Bayliscarias procyonis]]'' |
| − | *** Prion disease (CJD) |
+ | *** Prion disease ([[CJD]]) |
* Non-infectious (including post-infectious) |
* Non-infectious (including post-infectious) |
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** Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) |
** Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) |
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** Paraneoplastic syndromes |
** Paraneoplastic syndromes |
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| − | = Investigations = |
+ | == Investigations == |
* Lumbar puncture for viral culture or PCR |
* Lumbar puncture for viral culture or PCR |
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* EEG is rarely helpful except to rule out non-convulsive status epilepticus |
* EEG is rarely helpful except to rule out non-convulsive status epilepticus |
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| − | = Management = |
+ | == Management == |
| − | * Acyclovir for |
+ | * Acyclovir for suspected HSV or VZV encephalitis |
[[Category:CNS infections]] |
[[Category:CNS infections]] |
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Revision as of 18:32, 15 September 2019
- Infection of the brain parenchyma causing clouding of the sensorium
- Some overlap with meningitis
Differential Diagnosis
- Infectious
- Viruses
- Bacteria
- Other
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Bayliscarias procyonis
- Prion disease (CJD)
- Non-infectious (including post-infectious)
- Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
- Vasculitis
- Collagen vascular disorders
- Paraneoplastic syndromes
Investigations
- Lumbar puncture for viral culture or PCR
- MRI is the best neuroimaging; CT if MRI not available
- EEG is rarely helpful except to rule out non-convulsive status epilepticus
Management
- Acyclovir for suspected HSV or VZV encephalitis
