Rickettsia typhi: Difference between revisions
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Rickettsia typhi
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* Causes '''murine typhus''' or '''flea-borne typhus''' |
* Causes '''murine typhus''' or '''flea-borne typhus''' |
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= Microbiology = |
== Microbiology == |
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* Flea-borne Gram-negative intracellular bacterium ''Rickettsia typhi'' |
* Flea-borne Gram-negative intracellular bacterium ''Rickettsia typhi'' |
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= Life Cycle = |
== Life Cycle == |
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* Flea bites, flea poops, feces get rubbed into the bite wound |
* Flea bites, flea poops, feces get rubbed into the bite wound |
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* Flea acquires infection from feeding on a rickettsemic host |
* Flea acquires infection from feeding on a rickettsemic host |
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= Epidemiology = |
== Epidemiology == |
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* Flea vector (''Xenopsylla cheopis'') with a rat reservoirs (''Rattus'' spp.) |
* Flea vector (''Xenopsylla cheopis'') with a rat reservoirs (''Rattus'' spp.) |
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* In the US, most cases are in southern Texas and California |
* In the US, most cases are in southern Texas and California |
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= Clinical Presentation = |
== Clinical Presentation == |
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* Incubation period of 1 to 2 weeks, but rarely remember flea exposure |
* Incubation period of 1 to 2 weeks, but rarely remember flea exposure |
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Revision as of 19:29, 15 August 2019
- Causes murine typhus or flea-borne typhus
Microbiology
- Flea-borne Gram-negative intracellular bacterium Rickettsia typhi
Life Cycle
- Flea bites, flea poops, feces get rubbed into the bite wound
- Flea acquires infection from feeding on a rickettsemic host
Epidemiology
- Flea vector (Xenopsylla cheopis) with a rat reservoirs (Rattus spp.)
- Also, cat flea vector (Ctenocephalides felis) in sourthern US
- Possibly opossums as reservoirs
- Worldwide distribution
- In the US, most cases are in southern Texas and California
Clinical Presentation
- Incubation period of 1 to 2 weeks, but rarely remember flea exposure
- Fever, headache, nausea and vomiting are common, as well as myalgias
- Rash develops over the course
- Usually described as maculopapular, sometimes with petechiae
- On trunk, but can involve extremities
- Rarely on palms and soles
- May have leukopenia and thrombocytopenia early in the course
- Elevated AST is common, as well as other liver enzymes
- Further nausea/vomiting and anorexia, cough, and hepatosplenomegaly may all develop
- Neurologic complications include confusion, seizures, and ataxia
- They often develop hypoalbuminemia and electrolyte abnormalities such as hyponatremia and hypocalcemia
- CSF shows aseptic meningitis
- 1 to 4% mortality
- Sort of like a milder version of R. prowazekii
