Campylobacter: Difference between revisions
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Campylobacter
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*Gram-negative bacillus that is a common cause of foodborne illness, especially associated with undercooked poultry |
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==Background== |
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===Microbiology=== |
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* Oxidase-positive]], catalase [[Oxidase::positive]], curved, [[Stain::Gram [[Catalase::negative]] [[Cellular shape::bacillus]] |
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* Includes [[Campylobacter jejuni]] and [[Campylobacter coli]] |
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*Genus of oxidase [[Oxidase::positive]], catalase [[Catalase::positive]], curved, [[Stain::Gram-negative]] [[Cellular shape::bacillus|bacilli]] |
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== Clinical Manifestations == |
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*Includes [[Campylobacter jejuni]] and [[Campylobacter coli]] |
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=== Complications === |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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* [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]] (GBS) |
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! colspan="3" |Growth Temp (ºC) |
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* [[MALT lymphoma]] |
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! rowspan="2" |Nitrate |
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! colspan="2" |H<sub>2</sub>S |
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! rowspan="2" |Hippurate Hydrolysis |
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! colspan="2" |Susceptibility |
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! rowspan="2" |C-19 FA Reduction |
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! rowspan="2" |Species |
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|- |
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!25 |
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!37 |
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!42 |
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!TSI |
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!Lead Acetate Paper |
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!Cephalothin |
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!Nalidixic Acid |
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|- |
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|– |
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| + |
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| + |
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| + |
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|– |
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| + |
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| + |
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|R |
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|S |
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| + |
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|[[Campylobacter jejuni]] |
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|- |
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|– |
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| + |
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| + |
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| + |
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|v |
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| + |
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|– |
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|R |
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|S |
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| + |
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|[[Campylobacter coli]] |
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|- |
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|– |
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| + |
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| + |
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| + |
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|– |
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| + |
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|– |
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|R |
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|R |
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| + |
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|[[Campylobacter lari]] |
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|- |
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| + |
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| + |
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|v |
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| + |
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|– |
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|v |
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|– |
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|S |
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|R |
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|– |
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|[[Campylobacter fetus]] subsp. fetus |
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|- |
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|v |
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| + |
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|v |
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| + |
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| + |
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| + |
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|– |
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|S |
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|R |
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| + |
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|[[Campylobacter hyointestinalis]] |
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|- |
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|– |
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| + |
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|– |
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| + |
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|– |
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| + |
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|– |
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|S |
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|S |
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|– |
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|[[Campylobacter cinaedi]] |
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|- |
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|– |
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| + |
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| + |
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| + |
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|– |
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| + |
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|– |
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|S |
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|S |
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|– |
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|[[Campylobacter upsaliensis]] |
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|- |
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|– |
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| + |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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| + |
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|– |
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|S |
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|S |
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|– |
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|[[Helicobacter fennelliae]] |
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|} |
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==Clinical Manifestations== |
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== Management == |
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* Enteric disease, with [[Acute gastroenteritis|acute blood gastroenteritis]], is most common with [[Campylobacter jejeni]] |
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* No antibiotics needed if stable |
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** ALso seen with [[Campylobacter coli]], [[Campylobacter lari]], [[Campylobacter fetus]], [[Helicobacter fennelliae]], [[Helicobacter cinaedi]], [[Campylobacter upsaliensis]], [[Arcobacter butzleri]], [[Arcobacter skirrowi]], and [[Arcobacter cryaerophilus]] |
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* If requiring antibiotics, use [[Is treated by::ciprofloxacin]] or [[Is treated by::azithomycin]] for 5 days, or [[Is treated by::clarithromycin]] for 7 days |
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* Extraintestinal disease, with [[bacteremia]] and [[endovascular infection]], is most common with [[Campylobacter fetus]] subspecies ''fetus'' |
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** Also seen with [[Campylobacter jejuni]], [[Campylobacter coli]], [[Campylobacter lari]], [[Helicobacter fennelliae]], [[Helicobacter cinaedi]], [[Campylobacter sputorum]], [[Campylobacter hyointestinalis]], and [[Helicobacter rappini]] |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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! |
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![[Campylobacter jejuni]] |
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![[Campylobacter fetus]] subsp. ''fetus'' |
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|- |
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|Reservoir |
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|birds, food animal |
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|cattle and sheep |
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|- |
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|Epidemiology |
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|healthy hosts of all ages, often cluster |
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|debilitated hosts, rarely clusters |
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|- |
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|Culture From |
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|feces |
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|bloodstream |
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|- |
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|Clinical Manifestations |
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|[[acute gastroenteritis]], [[colitis]] |
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|[[bacteremia]], [[meningitis]], [[endovascular infection]], [[abscess]], [[gastroenteritis]] |
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|- |
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|Diarrhea |
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|common |
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|uncommon |
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|- |
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|Prognosis |
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|self-limited |
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|can be fatal |
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|} |
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===Complications=== |
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*[[Guillain-Barré syndrome]] (GBS) |
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*[[MALT lymphoma]] |
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==Management== |
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*No antibiotics needed if stable |
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*If requiring antibiotics, use [[Is treated by::ciprofloxacin]] or [[Is treated by::azithomycin]] for 5 days, or [[Is treated by::clarithromycin]] for 7 days |
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Campylobacter'' species}} |
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Campylobacter'' species}} |
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Revision as of 13:12, 22 August 2020
- Gram-negative bacillus that is a common cause of foodborne illness, especially associated with undercooked poultry
Background
Microbiology
- Genus of oxidase positive, catalase positive, curved, Gram-negative bacilli
- Includes Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli
| Growth Temp (ºC) | Nitrate | H2S | Hippurate Hydrolysis | Susceptibility | C-19 FA Reduction | Species | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25 | 37 | 42 | TSI | Lead Acetate Paper | Cephalothin | Nalidixic Acid | ||||
| – | + | + | + | – | + | + | R | S | + | Campylobacter jejuni |
| – | + | + | + | v | + | – | R | S | + | Campylobacter coli |
| – | + | + | + | – | + | – | R | R | + | Campylobacter lari |
| + | + | v | + | – | v | – | S | R | – | Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus |
| v | + | v | + | + | + | – | S | R | + | Campylobacter hyointestinalis |
| – | + | – | + | – | + | – | S | S | – | Campylobacter cinaedi |
| – | + | + | + | – | + | – | S | S | – | Campylobacter upsaliensis |
| – | + | – | – | – | + | – | S | S | – | Helicobacter fennelliae |
Clinical Manifestations
- Enteric disease, with acute blood gastroenteritis, is most common with Campylobacter jejeni
- Extraintestinal disease, with bacteremia and endovascular infection, is most common with Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus
| Campylobacter jejuni | Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus | |
|---|---|---|
| Reservoir | birds, food animal | cattle and sheep |
| Epidemiology | healthy hosts of all ages, often cluster | debilitated hosts, rarely clusters |
| Culture From | feces | bloodstream |
| Clinical Manifestations | acute gastroenteritis, colitis | bacteremia, meningitis, endovascular infection, abscess, gastroenteritis |
| Diarrhea | common | uncommon |
| Prognosis | self-limited | can be fatal |
Complications
Management
- No antibiotics needed if stable
- If requiring antibiotics, use ciprofloxacin or azithomycin for 5 days, or clarithromycin for 7 days
