Encephalitis: Difference between revisions

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* Infection of the brain parenchyma causing clouding of the sensorium
 
* Infection of the brain parenchyma causing clouding of the sensorium
* Some overlap with [[Meningitis|meningitis]]
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* Some overlap with [[meningitis]]
   
= Differential Diagnosis =
+
== Differential Diagnosis ==
   
 
* Infectious
 
* Infectious
 
** Viruses
 
** Viruses
*** Enteroviruses
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*** [[Enteroviruses]]
*** Eastern or Western equine encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile virus
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*** [[Eastern equine encephalitis|Eastern]] or [[Western equine encephalitis]], [[Japanese encephalitis]], [[Murray Valley encephalitis]], [[St. Louis encephalitis]], [[West Nile virus]]
*** Rabies
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*** [[Rabies virus]]
*** Hendra virus
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*** [[Hendra virus]]
*** Nipah virus
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*** [[Nipah virus]]
*** Tickborne encephalitis, La Crosse virus, Powassan virus
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*** [[Tickborne encephalitis]], [[La Crosse virus]], [[Powassan virus]]
 
** Bacteria
 
** Bacteria
*** ''Mycoplasma pneumoniae''
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*** ''[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]''
*** ''Listeria monocytogenes''
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*** ''[[Listeria monocytogenes]]''
*** ''Borrelia burgdorferi'' (Lyme disease)
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*** ''[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]'' (Lyme disease)
*** ''Coxiella burnetii''
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*** ''[[Coxiella burnetii]]''
*** ''Bartonella henselae'' or ''B. quintana''
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*** ''[[Bartonella henselae]]'' or ''[[B. quintana]]''
 
** Other
 
** Other
*** ''Cryptococcus neoformans''
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*** ''[[Cryptococcus neoformans]]''
*** ''Toxoplasma gondii''
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*** ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''
*** ''Bayliscarias procyonis''
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*** ''[[Bayliscarias procyonis]]''
*** Prion disease (CJD)
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*** Prion disease ([[CJD]])
 
* Non-infectious (including post-infectious)
 
* Non-infectious (including post-infectious)
 
** Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
 
** Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
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** Paraneoplastic syndromes
 
** Paraneoplastic syndromes
   
= Investigations =
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== Investigations ==
   
 
* Lumbar puncture for viral culture or PCR
 
* Lumbar puncture for viral culture or PCR
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* EEG is rarely helpful except to rule out non-convulsive status epilepticus
 
* EEG is rarely helpful except to rule out non-convulsive status epilepticus
   
= Management =
+
== Management ==
   
* Acyclovir for syspected HSV or VZV encephalitis
+
* Acyclovir for suspected HSV or VZV encephalitis
   
 
[[Category:CNS infections]]
 
[[Category:CNS infections]]

Revision as of 18:32, 15 September 2019

  • Infection of the brain parenchyma causing clouding of the sensorium
  • Some overlap with meningitis

Differential Diagnosis

Investigations

  • Lumbar puncture for viral culture or PCR
  • MRI is the best neuroimaging; CT if MRI not available
  • EEG is rarely helpful except to rule out non-convulsive status epilepticus

Management

  • Acyclovir for suspected HSV or VZV encephalitis