Streptococcus agalactiae: Difference between revisions
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Streptococcus agalactiae
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*[[Stain::Gram-positive]] [[Shape::coccus]] in chains |
*[[Stain::Gram-positive]] [[Shape::coccus]] in chains |
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*The most common group B Streptococcus of clinical concern |
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*Identified with the help of a [[CAMP test]], where β-hemolysis is induced by the presence of ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' |
*Identified with the help of a [[CAMP test]], where β-hemolysis is induced by the presence of ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' |
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===Older Children and Adults=== |
===Older Children and Adults=== |
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*Similar spectrum of illness to [[Streptococcus pyogenes]] |
*Similar spectrum of illness to [[Streptococcus pyogenes]], including [[Streptococcal bacteremia|bacteremia]] |
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*Rare cause of community-acquired [[Bacterial meningitis|meningitis]] in adults, with high mortality[[CiteRef::van kassel2020co]] |
*Rare cause of community-acquired [[Bacterial meningitis|meningitis]] in adults, with high mortality[[CiteRef::van kassel2020co]] |
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**Risk factors include immunocompromised state, [[Cerebrospinal fluid leak|CSF leak]], and [[Infective endocarditis|endocarditis]] |
**Risk factors include immunocompromised state, [[Cerebrospinal fluid leak|CSF leak]], and [[Infective endocarditis|endocarditis]] |
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Latest revision as of 14:34, 12 September 2023
Background
Microbiology
- Gram-positive coccus in chains
- The most common group B Streptococcus of clinical concern
- Identified with the help of a CAMP test, where β-hemolysis is induced by the presence of Staphylococcus aureus
Epidemiology
- Previously the most common cause of neonatal sepsis, until screening and prophylaxis during pregnancy and deliverybecame routine
Clinical Manifestations
Neonatal
- May be either early-onset (< 7 days old) or late-onset (7 to 90 days old)
- Presents with bacteremia, sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis
Older Children and Adults
- Similar spectrum of illness to Streptococcus pyogenes, including bacteremia
- Rare cause of community-acquired meningitis in adults, with high mortality1
- Risk factors include immunocompromised state, CSF leak, and endocarditis
Management
- Treated with penicillin, amoxicillin, or a first-generation cephalosporin
References
- ^ Merel N. van Kassel, Koen J. van Haeringen, Matthijs C. Brouwer, Merijn W. Bijlsma, Diederik van de Beek. Community-acquired group B streptococcal meningitis in adults. Journal of Infection. 2020;80(3):255-260. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2019.12.002.
