Detecting antimicrobial resistance: Difference between revisions
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= Phenotypic methods = |
== Phenotypic methods == |
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== Broth dilution tests == |
=== Broth dilution tests === |
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* Gold standard |
* Gold standard |
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** Trailing can occur; the MIC is read at the first spot where trailing begins |
** Trailing can occur; the MIC is read at the first spot where trailing begins |
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== Agar dilution == |
=== Agar dilution === |
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* Concentration of antibiotic is incorporated into the agar |
* Concentration of antibiotic is incorporated into the agar |
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** Final inoculum of 10^4^ CFU per spot |
** Final inoculum of 10^4^ CFU per spot |
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== Disk diffusion == |
=== Disk diffusion === |
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* Drug released from disk with an antimicrobial agent diffuses through the agar |
* Drug released from disk with an antimicrobial agent diffuses through the agar |
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* If on blood agar, must be read from the front |
* If on blood agar, must be read from the front |
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== Other == |
=== Other === |
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* Potentiation using standard methods |
* Potentiation using standard methods |
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* Lateral flow assay |
* Lateral flow assay |
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= Genotypic methods = |
== Genotypic methods == |
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* Detected resistance may not predict antibiotic failure if genes are non-functional or not expressed, or may be expressed in insignificant levels |
* Detected resistance may not predict antibiotic failure if genes are non-functional or not expressed, or may be expressed in insignificant levels |
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** Sequencing |
** Sequencing |
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= Other methods = |
== Other methods == |
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== MALDI-ToF == |
=== MALDI-ToF === |
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[[Category:Antimicrobials]] |
[[Category:Antimicrobials]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Diagnostics]] |
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Latest revision as of 11:15, 16 August 2019
Phenotypic methods
Broth dilution tests
- Gold standard
- Uses serial two-fold dilutions of the antimicrobial agent
- Macrobroth has a final volume of 1-2 mL
- Microbroth has a final volume of 50 µL
- Determines an MIC and MBC (min. bactericidal concentration)
- Read at lowest concentration that inhibits growth (i.e. no obvious growth)
- Trailing can occur; the MIC is read at the first spot where trailing begins
Agar dilution
- Concentration of antibiotic is incorporated into the agar
- Each agar plate has a different concentration
- Multiple inocula are set up on each plate
- Final inoculum of 10^4^ CFU per spot
Disk diffusion
- Drug released from disk with an antimicrobial agent diffuses through the agar
- Zone diameter is inversely proportional to the log of the MIC
- Interpretation usually uses reflected light reading above a black, nonreflective background; measured using a ruler on the back of an inverted dish
- If on blood agar, must be read from the front
Other
- Potentiation using standard methods
- Colorimetric methods
- Lateral flow assay
Genotypic methods
- Detected resistance may not predict antibiotic failure if genes are non-functional or not expressed, or may be expressed in insignificant levels
- Similarly, a negative results may not indicate susceptibility given genetic variation, novel mechanisms of resistance, or inhibition of amplification
- Genotypic methods
- PCR
- Sequencing
