Marburg virus: Difference between revisions

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==Background==
= Marburg virus (MARV) =


== Microbiology ==
===Microbiology===


* Negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus in the Filoviridae family
*Negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus in the [[Filoviridae]] family
*Genus contains two species
**Marburg virus
**Ravn virus

===Epidemiology===

*Rare, with 11 outbreaks since discovery in 1967, totalling 470 cases
*Animal reservoir is [[Reservoir::fruit bat]], with a sylvian cycle that occasionally spills over into human populations
**The range of the reservoir extends into Middle East, South Asia, and south Pacific, but the virus is essentially limited to subsaharan Africa

==Clinical Manifestations==

*Incubation period [[Usual incubation period::2 to 21 days]]
*Starts with high fever, severe headache malaise
*Followed by multi-system involvement as early as day 3
**Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, diarrhea (can persist for a week)
**Chest pain, dyspnea, cough
**Hypotension, edema, maculopapular rash
**Headache, confusion
*Mortality 23 to 90%

==Diagnosis==

*RT-PCR at the National Microbiology Laboratory
**Inform microbiology lab beforehand and contact Public Health for collection instructions

==Management==

*Good supportive care decreases mortality substantially
*Experimental therapies include [[favipiravir]] and monoclonal antibodies

==Prevention==

===Vaccination===

*Vaccination is under investigation

===Infection Prevention and Control===

*Isolate patient
*Droplet precautions and face protection within 1 meter of patient
*Limit hospital staff who have contact

[[Category:Filoviridae]]

Latest revision as of 13:41, 28 August 2020

Background

Microbiology

  • Negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus in the Filoviridae family
  • Genus contains two species
    • Marburg virus
    • Ravn virus

Epidemiology

  • Rare, with 11 outbreaks since discovery in 1967, totalling 470 cases
  • Animal reservoir is fruit bat, with a sylvian cycle that occasionally spills over into human populations
    • The range of the reservoir extends into Middle East, South Asia, and south Pacific, but the virus is essentially limited to subsaharan Africa

Clinical Manifestations

  • Incubation period 2 to 21 days
  • Starts with high fever, severe headache malaise
  • Followed by multi-system involvement as early as day 3
    • Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, diarrhea (can persist for a week)
    • Chest pain, dyspnea, cough
    • Hypotension, edema, maculopapular rash
    • Headache, confusion
  • Mortality 23 to 90%

Diagnosis

  • RT-PCR at the National Microbiology Laboratory
    • Inform microbiology lab beforehand and contact Public Health for collection instructions

Management

  • Good supportive care decreases mortality substantially
  • Experimental therapies include favipiravir and monoclonal antibodies

Prevention

Vaccination

  • Vaccination is under investigation

Infection Prevention and Control

  • Isolate patient
  • Droplet precautions and face protection within 1 meter of patient
  • Limit hospital staff who have contact