Burkholderia cepacia complex: Difference between revisions
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Burkholderia cepacia complex
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== Background == |
== Background == |
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* [[Stain::Gram-negative]] [[ |
* [[Stain::Gram-negative]] [[Shape::bacillus]] |
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* Classified into nine genomovars (phenotypically similar but genotypically distinct) |
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** [[Burkholderia cenocepacia]] (genomovar III) |
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** [[Burkholderia multivorans]] (genomovar II) |
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** [[Burkholderia dolosa]] (genomovar VI) |
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* Environmental organism |
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* Multiple mechanisms of resistance: |
* Multiple mechanisms of resistance: |
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** β-lactamases |
** β-lactamases |
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** Altered LPS conferring polymixin resistance |
** Altered LPS conferring polymixin resistance |
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** Gyrase mutations conferring fluoroquinolone resistance |
** Gyrase mutations conferring fluoroquinolone resistance |
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== Clinical Manifestations == |
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* Opportunistic lung infections, primarily of [[cystic fibrosis]] and [[lung transplant]] patients |
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* Colonizes the lungs of patients with [[cystic fibrosis]] and portends a poor prognosis |
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* Occasionally causes nosocomial outbreaks traced back to aqueous pharmaceutical products |
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* Also causes hospital- or ventilator-associated [[pneumonia]], [[bacteremia]] (possibly [[CLABSI]]), [[ecthyma gangrenosum]], [[burn infection]], wound infection, [[endophthalmitis]], and rarely [[endocarditis]] |
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== Management == |
== Management == |
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* Antibiotic options include: |
* Antibiotic options include: |
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** [[TMP-SMX]] (preferred, if susceptible) |
** [[TMP-SMX]] (preferred, if susceptible) |
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** [[Ceftazidime]] and [[ceftazidime-avibactam]] |
** [[Ceftazidime]] 2 g IV q8h and [[ceftazidime-avibactam]] 2.5 g IV q8h |
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** [[Meropenem]] and [[imipenem]] |
** [[Meropenem]] 1-2 g IV q8h and [[imipenem]] 1 g IV q8h |
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** [[Minocycline]] |
** [[Minocycline]] 100 mg p.o.IV q12h |
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Burkholderia cepacia''}} |
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Burkholderia cepacia'' complex}} |
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[[Category:Infectious diseases]] |
[[Category:Infectious diseases]] |
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[[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]] |
[[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:48, 6 February 2023
Background
- Gram-negative bacillus
- Classified into nine genomovars (phenotypically similar but genotypically distinct)
- Burkholderia cenocepacia (genomovar III)
- Burkholderia multivorans (genomovar II)
- Burkholderia dolosa (genomovar VI)
- Environmental organism
- Multiple mechanisms of resistance:
- β-lactamases
- RND efflux pumps
- Altered LPS conferring polymixin resistance
- Gyrase mutations conferring fluoroquinolone resistance
Clinical Manifestations
- Opportunistic lung infections, primarily of cystic fibrosis and lung transplant patients
- Colonizes the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis and portends a poor prognosis
- Occasionally causes nosocomial outbreaks traced back to aqueous pharmaceutical products
- Also causes hospital- or ventilator-associated pneumonia, bacteremia (possibly CLABSI), ecthyma gangrenosum, burn infection, wound infection, endophthalmitis, and rarely endocarditis
Management
- Should be guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing
- Antibiotic options include:
- TMP-SMX (preferred, if susceptible)
- Ceftazidime 2 g IV q8h and ceftazidime-avibactam 2.5 g IV q8h
- Meropenem 1-2 g IV q8h and imipenem 1 g IV q8h
- Minocycline 100 mg p.o.IV q12h
