Norovirus: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 19:19, 20 June 2023

Background

Microbiology

Member of the Caliciviridae family of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses

Epidemiology

Most common cause of gastroenteritis worldwide
More common during winter months
Antibodies from prior infection do not indicate immunity from future infection

Clinical Manifestations

Incubation period of 24 to 48 hours
Causes viral gastroenteritis, with nausea and vomiting followed by profuse watery diarrhea
Illness lasts 12 to 72 hours
May have low-grade fevers

Diagnosis

Usually diagnosed clinically
Antigen detection with enzyme immunoassays
Stool PCR, which has higher sensitivity and specificity

Management

Supportive care and appropriate isolation and outbreak management

Outbreak Management

Kaplan criteria

Identify outbreaks of gastroenteritis caused by norovirus without specific viral testing1
The criteria are:
- Vomiting in more than half of affected patients
- Mean or median incubation period between 24 and 48 hours
- Mean or median duration of illness between 12 and 60 hours
- No bacterial pathogen identified in stool

References

^ R. M. Turcios, M.-A. Widdowson, A. C. Sulka, P. S. Mead, R. I. Glass. Reevaluation of Epidemiological Criteria for Identifying Outbreaks of Acute Gastroenteritis Due to Norovirus: United States, 1998-2000. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2006;42(7):964-969. doi:10.1086/500940.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Background==
-===Virology===
+===Microbiology===
-* Member of the ''Caliciviridae'' family of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses
+*Member of the ''[[Caliciviridae]]'' family of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses
+===Epidemiology===
+*Most common cause of gastroenteritis worldwide
+*More common during winter months
+*Antibodies from prior infection do not indicate immunity from future infection
 ==Clinical Manifestations==
-* Incubation period of [[Usual incubation period::24 to 48 hours]]
+*Incubation period of [[Usual incubation period::24 to 48 hours]]
-* Nausea and vomiting followed by profuse diarrhea
+*Causes [[Causes::viral gastroenteritis]], with [[Causes::nausea]] and [[Causes::vomiting]] followed by profuse [[Causes::watery diarrhea]]
-* Illness lasts 12 to 72 hours
+*Illness lasts 12 to 72 hours
-* May have low-grade fevers
+*May have low-grade fevers
+== Diagnosis ==
+* Usually diagnosed clinically
+* Antigen detection with enzyme immunoassays
+* Stool PCR, which has higher sensitivity and specificity
 ==Management==
-* Supportive care and appropriate isolation and outbreak management
+*Supportive care and appropriate isolation and outbreak management
 ==Outbreak Management==
 ===Kaplan criteria===
-* Identify outbreaks of gastroenteritis caused by norovirus without specific viral testing[[CiteRef::turcios2006re]]
-* The criteria are:
-** Vomiting in more than half of affected patients
-** Mean or median incubation period between 24 and 48 hours
-** Mean or median duration of illness between 12 and 60 hours
-** No bacterial pathogen identified in stool
+*Identify outbreaks of gastroenteritis caused by norovirus without specific viral testing[[CiteRef::turcios2006re]]
-[[Category:RNA viruses]]
+*The criteria are:
+**Vomiting in more than half of affected patients
+**Mean or median incubation period between 24 and 48 hours
+**Mean or median duration of illness between 12 and 60 hours
+**No bacterial pathogen identified in stool
+[[Category:Caliciviridae]]
 [[Category:Gastrointestinal infections]]