Streptococcus agalactiae: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 14:34, 12 September 2023

Background

Microbiology

Gram-positive coccus in chains
The most common group B Streptococcus of clinical concern
Identified with the help of a CAMP test, where β-hemolysis is induced by the presence of Staphylococcus aureus

Epidemiology

Previously the most common cause of neonatal sepsis, until screening and prophylaxis during pregnancy and deliverybecame routine

Clinical Manifestations

Neonatal

May be either early-onset (< 7 days old) or late-onset (7 to 90 days old)
Presents with bacteremia, sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis

Older Children and Adults

Similar spectrum of illness to Streptococcus pyogenes, including bacteremia
Rare cause of community-acquired meningitis in adults, with high mortality1
- Risk factors include immunocompromised state, CSF leak, and endocarditis

Management

Treated with penicillin, amoxicillin, or a first-generation cephalosporin

References

^ Merel N. van Kassel, Koen J. van Haeringen, Matthijs C. Brouwer, Merijn W. Bijlsma, Diederik van de Beek. Community-acquired group B streptococcal meningitis in adults. Journal of Infection. 2020;80(3):255-260. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2019.12.002.

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 ===Microbiology===
-*[[Stain::Gram-positive]] [[Cellular shape::coccus]] in chains
+*[[Stain::Gram-positive]] [[Shape::coccus]] in chains
+*The most common group B Streptococcus of clinical concern
 *Identified with the help of a [[CAMP test]], where β-hemolysis is induced by the presence of ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''
+=== Epidemiology ===
-== Clinical Manifestations ==
+* Previously the most common cause of [[neonatal sepsis]], until screening and prophylaxis during pregnancy and deliverybecame routine
-=== Neonatal ===
+==Clinical Manifestations==
-* May be either early-onset (< 7 days old) or late-onset (7 to 90 days old)
-* Presents with [[Causes::bacteremia]], [[Causes::sepsis]], [[Causes::pneumonia]], and [[Causes::meningitis]]
+===Neonatal===
-=== Older Children and Adults ===
+*May be either early-onset (< 7 days old) or late-onset (7 to 90 days old)
-* Similar spectrum of illness to [[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
+*Presents with [[Causes::bacteremia]], [[Causes::sepsis]], [[Causes::pneumonia]], and [[Causes::meningitis]]
+===Older Children and Adults===
-== Management ==
+*Similar spectrum of illness to [[Streptococcus pyogenes]], including [[Streptococcal bacteremia|bacteremia]]
-* Treated with [[Is treated by::penicillin]], [[Is treated by::amoxicillin]], or a [[Cephalosporin|first-generation cephalosporin]]
+*Rare cause of community-acquired [[Bacterial meningitis|meningitis]] in adults, with high mortality[[CiteRef::van kassel2020co]]
+**Risk factors include immunocompromised state, [[Cerebrospinal fluid leak|CSF leak]], and [[Infective endocarditis|endocarditis]]
+==Management==
+*Treated with [[Is treated by::penicillin]], [[Is treated by::amoxicillin]], or a [[Cephalosporin|first-generation cephalosporin]]
 {{DISPLAYTITLE:''Streptococcus agalactiae''}}
 [[Category:Gram-positive cocci]]