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Rickettsia
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==Background==
==Background==
===Microbiology===
* A genus of obligate mostly-tick-borne intracellular Gram-negative bacteria
* A genus of obligate mostly-tick-borne intracellular Gram-negative bacteria


{| class="wikitable"
==Typhus Group==
! Species
* ''[[R. prowazekii]]'': causes epidemic typhus, transmitted by the body louse
! Disease
* ''[[R. typhi]]'': causes murine/endemic typhus, transmitted by rat/cat fleas
! Vector
! Distribution
|-
! colspan=4 | Typhus Group
|-
| [[Rickettsia prowazekii]]|| epidemic typhus || body louse ||
|-
| [[Rickettsia typhi]]|| murine/endemic typhus || rat/cat fleas ||
|-
! colspan=4 | Spotted Fever Group
|-
| rowspan=4 | [[Rickettsia rickettsii]]
| rowspan=4 | Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)
| [[Dermacentor variabilis]] ticks || eastern, central, and Pacific coast of US
|-
| [[Dermacentor andersoni]] ticks || western US
|-
| [[Rhipicephalus sanguineus]] ticks || Mexico and southern US
|-
| [[Amblyomma cajennense]] ticks || Central and South America
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Rickettsia parkeri]]
| rowspan=2 | American tick-borne fever
| [[Amblyommma maculatum]] ticks || southern US
|-
| [[Amblyomma triste]] ticks || Uruguay, Brazil, and Argentina
|-
| [[Rickettsia conorii]]|| Mediterranean spotted fever || [[Rhipicephalus sanguineus]] ticks ||
|-
| [[Rickettsia japonica]]|| Oriental spotter fever || ||
|-
| [[Rickettsia heilongiangensis]]|| Far Eastern spotted fever || || eastern Russia, Thailand, and China
|-
| [[Rickettsia africae]]|| African tick bite fever || [[Amblyomma]] ticks ||
|-
| [[Rickettsia slovaca]]|| tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA) || [[Dermacentor marginatus]] ticks ||
|-
! colspan=4 | Transitional Group
|-
| [[Rickettsia akari]]|| rickettsialpox || [[Liponyssoides sanguineus]] house mouse mites ||
|-
| [[Rickettsia australis]]|| North Queensland tick typhus || ||
|-
| [[Rickettsia felis]]|| flea-borne spotted fever || ||
|-
! colspan=4 | Ancestral Group
|-
| [[Rickettsia bellii]]|| || ||
|-
| [[Rickettsia canadensis]]|| || ||
|-
! colspan=4 | Other Rickettsiae
|-
| [[Orientia tsutsugamushi]]|| scrub typhus || chiggers ||
|-
| ''[[Ehrlichia]]'' species || human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis || [[Amblyomma americanum]] and other ticks ||
|-
| [[Anaplasma]] species || human granulocytic anaplasmosis || [[Ixodes scapularis]] and [[Ixodes pacificus]] ticks ||
|-
| [[Neorickettsia]]|| || helminths ||
|-
| [[Wolbachia]]|| || helminths and arthropods ||
|}


==Management==
==Spotted Fever Group==
===Spotted Fever Group===
* ''[[R. rickettsii]]'': causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)
* [[Is treated by::Doxycycline]] 100 mg po bid for 7 to 10 days
* ''[[R. parkeri]]'': carried by ''A. maculatum'' in the southern US and ''A. triste'' in Uruguay, Brazil, and Argentina
** Alternatively: [[tetracycline]] 2 g/day or [[chloramphenicol]] 2 g/d
* ''[[R. conorii]]'': causes boutonneuse fever
** Alternatively: [[ciprofloxacin]] 750 mg po bid for 5 to 7 days
* ''[[R. japonica]]'': causes oriental spotter fever
* ''[[R. heilongiangensis]]'': causes Far Eastern spotted fever in eastern Russia, Thailand, and China
* ''[[R. africae]]'': causes African tick bite fever
* ''[[R. slovaca]]'': causes tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA)
** Transmitted by ''Dermacentor marginatus'' ticks

==Transitional Group==
* ''[[R. akari]]'': causes rickettsialpox, transmitted by the house mouse mite, ''Liponyssoides sanguineus''
* ''[[R. australis]]'': causes North Queensland tick typhus
* ''[[R. felis]]'': causes flea-borne spotted fever

===Management===
* [[Doxycycline]] 100 mg po bid for 7 to 10 days
** Alternatively: tetracycline 2 g/day or chloramphenicol 2 g/d
** Alternatively: ciprofloxacin 750 mg po bid for 5 to 7 days
*** But no good evidence for this
*** But no good evidence for this
* Can use doxycycline safely for these duration in children <8 years, and is strongly indicated for rickettsioses
* Can use [[doxycycline]] safely for these duration in children <8 years, and is strongly indicated for rickettsioses
* May use azithromycin or clarithromycin in pregnant women
* May use [[azithromycin]] or [[clarithromyci]]n in pregnant women
* ''Avoid'' Septra, which appears to ''worsen'' severity of disease!
* ''Avoid'' [[TMP-SMX]], which appears to ''worsen'' severity of disease!

== Ancestral Group ==
* ''[[Rickettsia bellii]]''
* ''[[Rickettsia canadensis]]''


== Other Rickettsiae ==
* ''[[Orientia tsutsugamushi]]'': causes scrub typhus, transmitted by chiggers
* ''[[Ehrlichia]]'': transmitted by ticks
* ''[[Anaplasma]]'': transmitted by ticks
* ''[[Neorickettsia]]'': transmitted by helminths
* ''[[Wolbachia]]'': transmitted by helminths and arthropods


{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Rickettsia'' species}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Rickettsia''}}
[[Category:Rickettsioses]]
[[Category:Rickettsioses]]

Latest revision as of 14:57, 11 November 2025

Background

  • A genus of obligate mostly-tick-borne intracellular Gram-negative bacteria
Species Disease Vector Distribution
Typhus Group
Rickettsia prowazekii epidemic typhus body louse
Rickettsia typhi murine/endemic typhus rat/cat fleas
Spotted Fever Group
Rickettsia rickettsii Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) Dermacentor variabilis ticks eastern, central, and Pacific coast of US
Dermacentor andersoni ticks western US
Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks Mexico and southern US
Amblyomma cajennense ticks Central and South America
Rickettsia parkeri American tick-borne fever Amblyommma maculatum ticks southern US
Amblyomma triste ticks Uruguay, Brazil, and Argentina
Rickettsia conorii Mediterranean spotted fever Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks
Rickettsia japonica Oriental spotter fever
Rickettsia heilongiangensis Far Eastern spotted fever eastern Russia, Thailand, and China
Rickettsia africae African tick bite fever Amblyomma ticks
Rickettsia slovaca tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA) Dermacentor marginatus ticks
Transitional Group
Rickettsia akari rickettsialpox Liponyssoides sanguineus house mouse mites
Rickettsia australis North Queensland tick typhus
Rickettsia felis flea-borne spotted fever
Ancestral Group
Rickettsia bellii
Rickettsia canadensis
Other Rickettsiae
Orientia tsutsugamushi scrub typhus chiggers
Ehrlichia species human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis Amblyomma americanum and other ticks
Anaplasma species human granulocytic anaplasmosis Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus ticks
Neorickettsia helminths
Wolbachia helminths and arthropods

Management

Spotted Fever Group

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