Balantidium coli: Difference between revisions
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Balantidium coli
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* Largest protozoan |
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== Background == |
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=== Microbiology === |
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* Largest protozoan parasite |
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* Only ciliated protozoan that infects humans |
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=== Epidemiology === |
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* Worldwide distribution but most common in Latin America, Southeast Asia, Papua New Guinea, and the Middle East |
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* Found in contaminated food and water |
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* Domestic and wild pigs are the main reservoir, but has been found in other mammals |
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=== Life Cycle === |
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* Ingestion of '''cysts''' |
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* In the small bowel, the cysts release '''trophozoites''' |
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* Trophozoites migrate to the large bowel, where they form cysts in the bowel wall and reproduce |
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== Clinical Manifestations == |
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* Mostly asymptomatic |
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* Can cause a chronic intermittent diarrhea with abdominal pain and weight loss |
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* Rarely presents with bloody stools and fulminant colitis |
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** May be complicated by intestinal perforation |
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* Case reports of pulmonary and urinary tract infections |
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== Diagnosis == |
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* Stool O&P for rapidly motile trophozoites |
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** Cysts are rarely seen |
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== Management == |
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* First-line: [[Is treated by::tetracycline]] 500 mg po qid for 10 days |
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* Alternatives: |
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** [[Is treated by::metronidazole]] 750 mg po tid for 5 days |
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** [[Is treated by::iodoquinol]] 650 mg po tid for 20 days |
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Balantidium coli''}} |
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Balantidium coli''}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Ciliates]] |
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[[Category:Gastrointestinal infections]] |
[[Category:Gastrointestinal infections]] |
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[[Category:Infectious diseases]] |
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Latest revision as of 14:24, 7 August 2020
- Largest protozoan
Background
Microbiology
- Largest protozoan parasite
- Only ciliated protozoan that infects humans
Epidemiology
- Worldwide distribution but most common in Latin America, Southeast Asia, Papua New Guinea, and the Middle East
- Found in contaminated food and water
- Domestic and wild pigs are the main reservoir, but has been found in other mammals
Life Cycle
- Ingestion of cysts
- In the small bowel, the cysts release trophozoites
- Trophozoites migrate to the large bowel, where they form cysts in the bowel wall and reproduce
Clinical Manifestations
- Mostly asymptomatic
- Can cause a chronic intermittent diarrhea with abdominal pain and weight loss
- Rarely presents with bloody stools and fulminant colitis
- May be complicated by intestinal perforation
- Case reports of pulmonary and urinary tract infections
Diagnosis
- Stool O&P for rapidly motile trophozoites
- Cysts are rarely seen
Management
- First-line: tetracycline 500 mg po qid for 10 days
- Alternatives:
- metronidazole 750 mg po tid for 5 days
- iodoquinol 650 mg po tid for 20 days
