Rickettsia: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 16:47, 25 January 2022

Background

A genus of obligate mostly-tick-borne intracellular Gram-negative bacteria

Species	Disease	Vector	Distribution
Typhus Group
R. prowazekii	epidemic typhus	body louse
R. typhi	murine/endemic typhus	rat/cat fleas
Spotted Fever Group
R. rickettsii	Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)	Dermacentor variabilis ticks	eastern, central, and Pacific coast of US
		Dermacentor andersoni ticks	western US
		Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks	Mexico and southern US
		Amblyomma cajennense ticks	Central and South America
R. parkeri	American tick-borne fever	Amblyommma maculatum ticks	southern US
R. parkeri	American tick-borne fever	Amblyomma triste ticks	Uruguay, Brazil, and Argentina
R. conorrii	Mediterranean spotted fever	Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks
R. japonica	Oriental spotter fever
R. heilongiangensis	Far Eastern spotted fever		eastern Russia, Thailand, and China
R. africae	African tick bite fever	Amblyomma ticks
R. slovaca	tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA)	Dermacentor marginatus ticks
Transitional Group
R. akari	rickettsialpox	Liponyssoides sanguineus house mouse mites
R. australis	North Queensland tick typhus
R. felis	flea-borne spotted fever
Ancestral Group
Rickettsia bellii
Rickettsia canadensis
Other Rickettsiae
Orientia tsutsugamushi	scrub typhus	chiggers
Ehrlichia species	human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis	Amblyomma americanum and other ticks
Anaplasma species	human granulocytic anaplasmosis	Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus ticks
Neorickettsia		helminths
Wolbachia		helminths and arthropods

Management

Spotted Fever Group

Doxycycline 100 mg po bid for 7 to 10 days
- Alternatively: tetracycline 2 g/day or chloramphenicol 2 g/d
- Alternatively: ciprofloxacin 750 mg po bid for 5 to 7 days
  - But no good evidence for this
Can use doxycycline safely for these duration in children <8 years, and is strongly indicated for rickettsioses
May use azithromycin or clarithromycin in pregnant women
Avoid TMP-SMX, which appears to worsen severity of disease!

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 ! Disease
 ! Vector
+! Distribution
 |-
-! colspan=3 | Typhus Group
+! colspan=4 | Typhus Group
 |-
-| ''[[R. prowazekii]]'' || epidemic typhus || body louse
+| ''[[R. prowazekii]]'' || epidemic typhus || body louse ||
 |-
-| ''[[R. typhi]]'' || murine/endemic typhus || rat/cat fleas
+| ''[[R. typhi]]'' || murine/endemic typhus || rat/cat fleas ||
 |-
-! colspan=3 | Spotted Fever Group
+! colspan=4 | Spotted Fever Group
 |-
+| rowspan=4 | ''[[R. rickettsii]]''
-| ''[[R. rickettsii]]'' || Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) || ''[[Dermacentor variabilis]]'' and ''[[Dermacentor andersoni]]'' ticks
+| rowspan=4 | Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)
+| ''[[Dermacentor variabilis]]'' ticks || eastern, central, and Pacific coast of US
 |-
+| ''[[Dermacentor andersoni]]'' ticks || western US
-| ''[[R. parkeri]]'' || American tick-borne fever || ''[[Amblyommma maculatum]]'' (Gulf Coast tick) in the southern US, and ''[[Amblyomma triste]]'' in Uruguay, Brazil, and Argentina
 |-
+| ''[[Rhipicephalus sanguineus]]'' ticks || Mexico and southern US
-| ''[[R. conorii]]'' || Mediterranean spotted fever || ''[[Rhipicephalus sanguineus]]'' ticks
 |-
-| ''[[R. japonica]]'' || Oriental spotter fever ||
+| ''[[Amblyomma cajennense]]'' ticks || Central and South America
 |-
+| rowspan=2 | ''[[R. parkeri]]''
-| ''[[R. heilongiangensis]]'' || Far Eastern spotted fever in eastern Russia, Thailand, and China ||
+| rowspan=2 | American tick-borne fever
+| ''[[Amblyommma maculatum]]'' ticks || southern US
 |-
+| ''[[Amblyomma triste]]'' ticks || Uruguay, Brazil, and Argentina
-| ''[[R. africae]]'' || African tick bite fever || ''[[Amblyomma]]'' ticks
 |-
-| ''[[R. slovaca]]'' || tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA) || ''[[Dermacentor marginatus]]'' ticks
+| ''[[R. conorii]]'' || Mediterranean spotted fever || ''[[Rhipicephalus sanguineus]]'' ticks ||
 |-
+| ''[[R. japonica]]'' || Oriental spotter fever || ||
-! colspan=3 | Transitional Group
 |-
-| ''[[R. akari]]'' || rickettsialpox || ''[[Liponyssoides sanguineus]]'' house mouse mites
+| ''[[R. heilongiangensis]]'' || Far Eastern spotted fever || || eastern Russia, Thailand, and China
 |-
-| ''[[R. australis]]'' || North Queensland tick typhus ||
+| ''[[R. africae]]'' || African tick bite fever || ''[[Amblyomma]]'' ticks ||
 |-
-| ''[[R. felis]]'' || flea-borne spotted fever ||
+| ''[[R. slovaca]]'' || tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA) || ''[[Dermacentor marginatus]]'' ticks ||
 |-
-! colspan=3 | Ancestral Group
+! colspan=4 | Transitional Group
 |-
+| ''[[R. akari]]'' || rickettsialpox || ''[[Liponyssoides sanguineus]]'' house mouse mites ||
-| ''[[Rickettsia bellii]]'' || ||
 |-
-| ''[[Rickettsia canadensis]]'' || ||
+| ''[[R. australis]]'' || North Queensland tick typhus || ||
 |-
+| ''[[R. felis]]'' || flea-borne spotted fever || ||
-! colspan=3 | Other Rickettsiae
 |-
+! colspan=4 | Ancestral Group
-| ''[[Orientia tsutsugamushi]]'' || scrub typhus || chiggers
 |-
+| ''[[Rickettsia bellii]]'' || || ||
-| ''[[Ehrlichia]]'' species || human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis || ''[[Amblyomma americanum]]'' and other ticks
 |-
+| ''[[Rickettsia canadensis]]'' || || ||
-| ''[[Anaplasma]]'' species || human granulocytic anaplasmosis ||  ''[[Ixodes scapularis]]'' and ''[[Ixodes pacificus]]'' ticks
 |-
+! colspan=4 | Other Rickettsiae
-| ''[[Neorickettsia]]'' || || helminths
 |-
-| ''[[Wolbachia]]'' || || helminths and arthropods
+| ''[[Orientia tsutsugamushi]]'' || scrub typhus || chiggers ||
+|-
+| ''[[Ehrlichia]]'' species || human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis || ''[[Amblyomma americanum]]'' and other ticks ||
+|-
+| ''[[Anaplasma]]'' species || human granulocytic anaplasmosis ||  ''[[Ixodes scapularis]]'' and ''[[Ixodes pacificus]]'' ticks ||
+|-
+| ''[[Neorickettsia]]'' || || helminths ||
+|-
+| ''[[Wolbachia]]'' || || helminths and arthropods ||
 |}
@@ Line 67: / Line 80: @@
-{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Rickettsia'' species}}
+{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Rickettsia''}}
 [[Category:Rickettsioses]]