Bacillus anthracis: Difference between revisions
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Bacillus anthracis
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*Causes '''anthrax''' |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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*[[Stain::Gram-positive]] [[Shape::bacillus]] that is distinguished from other [[Bacillus species]] by being [[Motility::non-motile]] and [[Hemolysis::non-hemolytic]] |
*[[Stain::Gram-positive]] [[Shape::bacillus]] that is distinguished from other [[Bacillus species]] by being [[Motility::non-motile]] and [[Hemolysis::non-hemolytic]] |
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*Colonies are gray, flat, and may have a "Medusa head" or "comet" appearance |
*Colonies are gray, flat, and may have a "Medusa head" or "comet" appearance |
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*The main toxin has subunits A and B |
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**A subunit may be either EF (edema factor) or LF (lethal factor) |
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**B subunit is the protective antigen, against which antibodies react |
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*Lives in soil |
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*Wild and farm animals that have contact with contaminated soil is a common exposure, including to wool and animal hides |
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*Can also be acquired by inhalation of spores |
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==Clinical Manifestations== |
==Clinical Manifestations== |
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===Cutaneous |
===Cutaneous Anthrax=== |
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*Caused by inoculation of spores into soft tissue |
*Caused by inoculation of spores into soft tissue |
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*May progress to sepsis |
*May progress to sepsis |
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===Pulmonary |
===Pulmonary Anthrax=== |
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*Caused by inhalation of spores |
*Caused by inhalation of spores |
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*Start with malaise, fever, and nonproductive cough, followed by respiratory distress, severe pulmonary edema, and death |
*Start with malaise, fever, and nonproductive cough, followed by respiratory distress, severe pulmonary edema, and death |
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===Gastrointestinal |
===Gastrointestinal Anthrax=== |
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*Caused by ingestion of spores |
*Caused by ingestion of spores |
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Revision as of 18:07, 7 October 2021
Background
Microbiology
- Gram-positive bacillus that is distinguished from other Bacillus species by being non-motile and non-hemolytic
- Colonies are gray, flat, and may have a "Medusa head" or "comet" appearance
- The main toxin has subunits A and B
- A subunit may be either EF (edema factor) or LF (lethal factor)
- B subunit is the protective antigen, against which antibodies react
- Lives in soil
- Wild and farm animals that have contact with contaminated soil is a common exposure, including to wool and animal hides
- Can also be acquired by inhalation of spores
Clinical Manifestations
Cutaneous Anthrax
- Caused by inoculation of spores into soft tissue
- Incubation period of 2 to 5 days
- Lesion develops at site of inoculation, starting as erythemaous papule, then ulceration, then eschar
- May progress to sepsis
Pulmonary Anthrax
- Caused by inhalation of spores
- Also known as woolsorter's disease
- Start with malaise, fever, and nonproductive cough, followed by respiratory distress, severe pulmonary edema, and death
Gastrointestinal Anthrax
- Caused by ingestion of spores
- Infects oropharynx or abdomen
- Causes sepsis
References
- ^ Tucker Maxson, Thiphasone Kongphet-Tran, Thitipong Mongkolrattanothai, Tatiana Travis, Katherine Hendricks, Corinne Parker, Heather P McLaughlin, Julia Bugrysheva, Frank Ambrosio, Pierre Michel, Blake Cherney, Christine Lascols, David Sue. Systematic Review of In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Bacillus anthracis, 1947–2019. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2022;75(Supplement_3):S373-S378. doi:10.1093/cid/ciac520.
