A Few Bacteria to Know: Difference between revisions
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When identifying a bacterium, the first step is Gram stain, which can tell us whether it has a Gram-positive or Gram-negative cell wall, and can give us information about the size and shape (bacilli or cocci, usually). Everyone needs to know how to interpret a Gram-stain report, since it is still one of the first pieces of information we get about a bacterial infection. |
When identifying a bacterium, the first step is Gram stain, which can tell us whether it has a Gram-positive or Gram-negative cell wall, and can give us information about the size and shape (bacilli or cocci, usually). Everyone needs to know how to interpret a Gram-stain report, since it is still one of the first pieces of information we get about a bacterial infection. |
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− | == |
+ | ==Gram-positive Bacteria== |
+ | ===Cocci=== |
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− | === |
+ | ====Clusters or Groups==== |
+ | {| class="wikitable" |
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⚫ | |||
− | ==== Clusters or Groups ==== |
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⚫ | |||
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− | {| |
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+ | |''Staphylococcus aureus'' |
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+ | |Purulent skin and soft tissue infections, abscesses, endocarditis, HAP/VAP, food poisoning |
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+ | |Coagulase-negative Staphylococci |
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+ | |Line infections, UTIs (''S. saprophyticus'') |
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− | ==== |
+ | ====Pairs or Chains==== |
+ | {| class="wikitable" |
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⚫ | |||
− | {| |
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+ | |''Streptococcus pyogenes''/Group A ''Streptococcus'' |
+ | |Cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, toxic shock syndrome |
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− | | Cellulitis |
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+ | |Other Lancefield-group streptococci |
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+ | |Cellulitis, UTIs, endocarditis |
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+ | |''Streptococcus pneumoniae'' |
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+ | |Pneumonia, meningitis |
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+ | |''Enterococcus'' species |
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+ | |UTIs, line infections, endocarditis |
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− | === |
+ | ===Bacilli=== |
+ | {| class="wikitable" |
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− | {| |
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+ | |''Clostridium difficile/tetani/botulinum/perfringens'' |
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+ | |Diarrhea/tetanus/botulism/nec. fasc. |
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+ | |''Bacillus cereus'' |
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+ | |Food poisoning; often contaminant |
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+ | |Other ''Bacillus'' species |
+ | |Often contaminant |
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− | | Contaminant |
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+ | |''Listeria monocytogenes'' |
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+ | |Meningitis |
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− | == |
+ | ==Gram-negative Bacteria== |
+ | ===Bacilli=== |
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− | === |
+ | ====Enterobacterales (Poop!)==== |
+ | {| class="wikitable" |
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⚫ | |||
− | ==== Enterobacteraceae (Poop!) ==== |
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− | {| |
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+ | |''Yersinia''/''Shigella''/''Salmonella''/''E.coli'' O157:H7/''Campylobacter'' |
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+ | |Infectious diarrhea/dysentery |
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+ | |''Escherichia coli'' |
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+ | |Intraabdominal infections, UTIs, HAP/VAP |
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+ | |''Klebsiella'' spp. |
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+ | |Intraabdominal infections, UTIs, HAP/VAP |
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+ | |''Proteus'' spp. |
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+ | |Intraabdominal infections, UTIs, HAP/VAP |
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+ | |SPICE bugs |
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+ | |Very resistant, generally use carbapenems empirically |
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− | ==== |
+ | ====Others==== |
+ | {| class="wikitable" |
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− | {| |
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+ | |''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' |
− | | |
+ | |Otitis externa, hot-tub folliculitis, UTIs, pneumonias... very resistant to antibiotics |
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− | === |
+ | ===Cocci=== |
+ | {| class="wikitable" |
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− | {| |
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+ | |''Neisseria meningitidis'' |
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+ | |Meningitis |
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+ | |''Neisseria gonorrhoeae'' |
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+ | |Urethritis, PID, disemminated gonococcal infection |
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− | == |
+ | ==Miscellaneous Bacteria== |
+ | {| class="wikitable" |
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+ | |Acid-fast bacilli |
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+ | |''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' |
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+ | |Pulmonary tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis |
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+ | | rowspan="2" |Spirochetes |
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− | | Spirochete |
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+ | |''Treponema pallidum'' |
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+ | |Syphilis (primary, secondary, tertiary) |
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− | | Spirochete |
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− | | Intracellular |
+ | | rowspan="2" |Intracellular bacteria |
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+ | |''Chlamydia trachomatis'' |
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+ | |Urethritis, PID |
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− | | Intracellular |
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+ | |Bacteria without a cell wall |
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+ | |''Mycoplasma pneumoniae'' |
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+ | |Atypical pneumonia |
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+ | |||
+ | [[Category:Handouts]] |
Latest revision as of 09:51, 9 March 2021
When identifying a bacterium, the first step is Gram stain, which can tell us whether it has a Gram-positive or Gram-negative cell wall, and can give us information about the size and shape (bacilli or cocci, usually). Everyone needs to know how to interpret a Gram-stain report, since it is still one of the first pieces of information we get about a bacterial infection.
Gram-positive Bacteria
Cocci
Clusters or Groups
Species | Clinical Syndromes |
---|---|
Staphylococcus aureus | Purulent skin and soft tissue infections, abscesses, endocarditis, HAP/VAP, food poisoning |
Coagulase-negative Staphylococci | Line infections, UTIs (S. saprophyticus) |
Pairs or Chains
Species | Clinical Syndromes |
---|---|
Streptococcus pyogenes/Group A Streptococcus | Cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, toxic shock syndrome |
Other Lancefield-group streptococci | Cellulitis, UTIs, endocarditis |
Streptococcus pneumoniae | Pneumonia, meningitis |
Enterococcus species | UTIs, line infections, endocarditis |
Bacilli
Species | Clinical Syndromes |
---|---|
Clostridium difficile/tetani/botulinum/perfringens | Diarrhea/tetanus/botulism/nec. fasc. |
Bacillus cereus | Food poisoning; often contaminant |
Other Bacillus species | Often contaminant |
Listeria monocytogenes | Meningitis |
Gram-negative Bacteria
Bacilli
Enterobacterales (Poop!)
Species | Clinical Syndromes |
---|---|
Yersinia/Shigella/Salmonella/E.coli O157:H7/Campylobacter | Infectious diarrhea/dysentery |
Escherichia coli | Intraabdominal infections, UTIs, HAP/VAP |
Klebsiella spp. | Intraabdominal infections, UTIs, HAP/VAP |
Proteus spp. | Intraabdominal infections, UTIs, HAP/VAP |
SPICE bugs | Very resistant, generally use carbapenems empirically |
Others
Species | Clinical Syndromes |
---|---|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Otitis externa, hot-tub folliculitis, UTIs, pneumonias... very resistant to antibiotics |
Cocci
Species | Clinical Syndromes |
---|---|
Neisseria meningitidis | Meningitis |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Urethritis, PID, disemminated gonococcal infection |
Miscellaneous Bacteria
Feature | Species | Clinical Syndromes |
---|---|---|
Acid-fast bacilli | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Pulmonary tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis |
Spirochetes | Treponema pallidum | Syphilis (primary, secondary, tertiary) |
Borrelia burgdorferi | Lyme disease | |
Intracellular bacteria | Chlamydia trachomatis | Urethritis, PID |
Chlamydia pneumophila | Atypical pneumonia | |
Bacteria without a cell wall | Mycoplasma pneumoniae | Atypical pneumonia |