Rickettsia: Difference between revisions

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Rickettsia
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= ''Rickettsia'' species =

* A genus of obligate mostly-tick-borne intracellular Gram-negative bacteria
* A genus of obligate mostly-tick-borne intracellular Gram-negative bacteria


== Typhus Group ==
= Typhus Group =


* ''R. prowazekii'': causes [epidemic typhus](Epidemic typhus (R. prowazekii).md), transmitted by the body louse
* ''[[R. prowazekii]]'': causes epidemic typhus, transmitted by the body louse
* ''R. typhi'': causes [murine/endemic typhus](Murine typhus (R. typhi).md), transmitted by rat/cat fleas
* ''[[R. typhi]]'': causes murine/endemic typhus, transmitted by rat/cat fleas


== Spotted Fever Group ==
= Spotted Fever Group =


* ''R. rickettsii'': causes [Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)](Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) (R. rickettsii).md)
* ''[[R. rickettsii]]'': causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)
* ''R. parkeri'': carried by ''A. maculatum'' in the southern US and ''A. triste'' in Uruguay, Brazil, and Argentina
* ''[[R. parkeri]]'': carried by ''A. maculatum'' in the southern US and ''A. triste'' in Uruguay, Brazil, and Argentina
* ''R. conorii'': causes [boutonneuse fever](Boutonneuse fever (R. conorii).md)
* ''[[R. conorii]]'': causes boutonneuse fever
* ''R. japonica'': causes oriental spotter fever
* ''[[R. japonica]]'': causes oriental spotter fever
* ''R. heilongiangensis'': causes Far Eastern spotted fever in eastern Russia, Thailand, and China
* ''[[R. heilongiangensis]]'': causes Far Eastern spotted fever in eastern Russia, Thailand, and China
* ''R. africae'': causes [African tick bite fever](African tick-bite fever (ATBF) (R. africae).md)
* ''[[R. africae]]'': causes African tick bite fever
* ''R. slovaca'': causes tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA)
* ''[[R. slovaca]]'': causes tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA)
** Transmitted by ''Dermacentor marginatus'' ticks
** Transmitted by ''Dermacentor marginatus'' ticks


=== Transitional Group ===
== Transitional Group ==


* ''R. akari'': causes [rickettsialpox](Rickettsialpox (R. akari).md), transmitted by the house mouse mite, ''Liponyssoides sanguineus''
* ''[[R. akari]]'': causes rickettsialpox, transmitted by the house mouse mite, ''Liponyssoides sanguineus''
* ''R. australis'': causes North Queensland tick typhus
* ''[[R. australis]]'': causes North Queensland tick typhus
* ''R. felis'': causes flea-borne spotted fever
* ''[[R. felis]]'': causes flea-borne spotted fever
** Cats are host to the flea vector ''Ctenocephalides felis'', which has worldwide distribution
** Cats are host to the flea vector ''Ctenocephalides felis'', which has worldwide distribution
** Fevers with headache, myalgia, maculopapular rash, neurologic involvement, vomiting, abdo pain, resp involvement
** Fevers with headache, myalgia, maculopapular rash, neurologic involvement, vomiting, abdo pain, resp involvement


=== Management ===
== Management ==


* Doxycycline 100 mg po bid for 7 to 10 days
* [[Doxycycline]] 100 mg po bid for 7 to 10 days
** Alternatively: tetracycline 2 g/day or chloramphenicol 2 g/d
** Alternatively: tetracycline 2 g/day or chloramphenicol 2 g/d
** Alternatively: ciprofloxacin 750 mg po bid for 5 to 7 days
** Alternatively: ciprofloxacin 750 mg po bid for 5 to 7 days
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* ''Avoid'' Septra, which appears to ''worsen'' severity of disease!
* ''Avoid'' Septra, which appears to ''worsen'' severity of disease!


== Ancestral Group ==
= Ancestral Group =

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* ''[[Rickettsia bellii]]''
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* ''[[Rickettsia canadensis]]''


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= Other Rickettsiae =
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* ''Rickettsia bellii''
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* ''Rickettsia canadensis''


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* ''[[Orientia tsutsugamushi]]'': causes scrub typhus, transmitted by chiggers
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== Other Rickettsiae ==
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* ''[[Ehrlichia]]'': transmitted by ticks
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* ''[[Anaplasma]]'': transmitted by ticks
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* ''[[Neorickettsia]]'': transmitted by helminths
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* ''[[Wolbachia]]'': transmitted by helminths and arthropods


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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Rickettsia'' species}}
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* ''Orientia tsutsugamushi'': causes [scrub typhus](Scrub typhus (O. tsutsugamushi).md), transmitted by chiggers
[[Category:Rickettsioses]]
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* ''Ehrlichia'': transmitted by ticks
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* ''Anaplasma'': transmitted by ticks
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* ''Neorickettsia'': transmitted by helminths
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* ''Wolbachia'': transmitted by helminths and arthropods

Revision as of 23:08, 14 August 2019

  • A genus of obligate mostly-tick-borne intracellular Gram-negative bacteria

Typhus Group

  • R. prowazekii: causes epidemic typhus, transmitted by the body louse
  • R. typhi: causes murine/endemic typhus, transmitted by rat/cat fleas

Spotted Fever Group

  • R. rickettsii: causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)
  • R. parkeri: carried by A. maculatum in the southern US and A. triste in Uruguay, Brazil, and Argentina
  • R. conorrii: causes boutonneuse fever
  • R. japonica: causes oriental spotter fever
  • R. heilongiangensis: causes Far Eastern spotted fever in eastern Russia, Thailand, and China
  • R. africae: causes African tick bite fever
  • R. slovaca: causes tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA)
    • Transmitted by Dermacentor marginatus ticks

Transitional Group

  • R. akari: causes rickettsialpox, transmitted by the house mouse mite, Liponyssoides sanguineus
  • R. australis: causes North Queensland tick typhus
  • R. felis: causes flea-borne spotted fever
    • Cats are host to the flea vector Ctenocephalides felis, which has worldwide distribution
    • Fevers with headache, myalgia, maculopapular rash, neurologic involvement, vomiting, abdo pain, resp involvement

Management

  • Doxycycline 100 mg po bid for 7 to 10 days
    • Alternatively: tetracycline 2 g/day or chloramphenicol 2 g/d
    • Alternatively: ciprofloxacin 750 mg po bid for 5 to 7 days
      • But no good evidence for this
  • Can use doxycycline safely for these duration in children <8 years, and is strongly indicated for rickettsioses
  • May use azithromycin or clarithromycin in pregnant women
  • Avoid Septra, which appears to worsen severity of disease!

Ancestral Group

Other Rickettsiae

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