Marburg virus: Difference between revisions

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==Background==
= Marburg virus (MARV) =
 
   
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== Microbiology ==
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===Microbiology===
   
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* Negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus in the Filoviridae family
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*Negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus in the [[Filoviridae]] family
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*Genus contains two species
 
**Marburg virus
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**Ravn virus
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===Epidemiology===
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*Rare, with 11 outbreaks since discovery in 1967, totalling 470 cases
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*Animal reservoir is [[Reservoir::fruit bat]], with a sylvian cycle that occasionally spills over into human populations
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**The range of the reservoir extends into Middle East, South Asia, and south Pacific, but the virus is essentially limited to subsaharan Africa
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==Clinical Manifestations==
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*Incubation period [[Usual incubation period::2 to 21 days]]
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*Starts with high fever, severe headache malaise
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*Followed by multi-system involvement as early as day 3
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**Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, diarrhea (can persist for a week)
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**Chest pain, dyspnea, cough
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**Hypotension, edema, maculopapular rash
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**Headache, confusion
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*Mortality 23 to 90%
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==Diagnosis==
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*RT-PCR at the National Microbiology Laboratory
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**Inform microbiology lab beforehand and contact Public Health for collection instructions
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==Management==
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*Good supportive care decreases mortality substantially
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*Experimental therapies include [[favipiravir]] and monoclonal antibodies
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==Prevention==
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===Vaccination===
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*Vaccination is under investigation
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===Infection Prevention and Control===
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*Isolate patient
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*Droplet precautions and face protection within 1 meter of patient
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*Limit hospital staff who have contact
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[[Category:Filoviridae]]

Latest revision as of 09:41, 28 August 2020

Background

Microbiology

  • Negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus in the Filoviridae family
  • Genus contains two species
    • Marburg virus
    • Ravn virus

Epidemiology

  • Rare, with 11 outbreaks since discovery in 1967, totalling 470 cases
  • Animal reservoir is fruit bat, with a sylvian cycle that occasionally spills over into human populations
    • The range of the reservoir extends into Middle East, South Asia, and south Pacific, but the virus is essentially limited to subsaharan Africa

Clinical Manifestations

  • Incubation period 2 to 21 days
  • Starts with high fever, severe headache malaise
  • Followed by multi-system involvement as early as day 3
    • Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, diarrhea (can persist for a week)
    • Chest pain, dyspnea, cough
    • Hypotension, edema, maculopapular rash
    • Headache, confusion
  • Mortality 23 to 90%

Diagnosis

  • RT-PCR at the National Microbiology Laboratory
    • Inform microbiology lab beforehand and contact Public Health for collection instructions

Management

  • Good supportive care decreases mortality substantially
  • Experimental therapies include favipiravir and monoclonal antibodies

Prevention

Vaccination

  • Vaccination is under investigation

Infection Prevention and Control

  • Isolate patient
  • Droplet precautions and face protection within 1 meter of patient
  • Limit hospital staff who have contact