Neisseria meningitidis: Difference between revisions
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Neisseria meningitidis
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*In Canada, serogroups B, C, W-135 and Y are the most common causes, with B being the most commonly reported |
*In Canada, serogroups B, C, W-135 and Y are the most common causes, with B being the most commonly reported |
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**Historically, B caused the majority of sporadic cases, and virulent serogroup C caused the majority of outbreaks |
**Historically, B caused the majority of sporadic cases, and virulent serogroup C caused the majority of outbreaks |
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*In African meningitis belt, serogroups A, C, W-135, and X are most common |
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=== Risk Factors === |
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* Living in African meningitis belt during an epidemic |
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* Participating in Hajj pilgrimage |
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* Living in student dormitories |
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* Living in military barracks |
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== Clinical Manifestations == |
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* Causes [[Causes::bacterial meningitis]] |
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* May have petechial or purpuric rash |
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== Management == |
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* For meningitis: [[Is treated by::ceftriaxone]] 2 g IV q12h or [[Is treated by::penicillin G]] for 7 days (5 days in UK) |
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** Alternatives include [[chloramphenicol]], [[aztreonam]], and [[meropenem]] |
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== Prevention == |
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* Chemoprophylaxis of high-risk contacts is indicated to prevent disease |
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* Close contacts include living in same household, kissing, or being exposed during resuscitation within 7 days |
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* Treat with [[ciprofloxacin]] one dose, within 24 hours of exposure |
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Neisseria meningitidis''}} |
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Neisseria meningitidis''}} |
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[[Category:Gram-negative cocci]] |
[[Category:Gram-negative cocci]] |
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Revision as of 21:07, 12 August 2020
Background
Microbiology
- Gram-negative diplococcus
- Traditionally organized by serogroups of capsular polysaccharide
- A, B, C, E, H, I/K, L/ W, X, Y, and Z are confirmed genetically
Epidemiology
- Six serogroups cause essentially all disease: A, B, C, W, X, and Y
- In Canada, serogroups B, C, W-135 and Y are the most common causes, with B being the most commonly reported
- Historically, B caused the majority of sporadic cases, and virulent serogroup C caused the majority of outbreaks
- In African meningitis belt, serogroups A, C, W-135, and X are most common
Risk Factors
- Living in African meningitis belt during an epidemic
- Participating in Hajj pilgrimage
- Living in student dormitories
- Living in military barracks
Clinical Manifestations
- Causes bacterial meningitis
- May have petechial or purpuric rash
Management
- For meningitis: ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12h or penicillin G for 7 days (5 days in UK)
- Alternatives include chloramphenicol, aztreonam, and meropenem
Prevention
- Chemoprophylaxis of high-risk contacts is indicated to prevent disease
- Close contacts include living in same household, kissing, or being exposed during resuscitation within 7 days
- Treat with ciprofloxacin one dose, within 24 hours of exposure
References
- ^ Charles Feldman, Ronald Anderson. Meningococcal pneumonia: a review. Pneumonia. 2019;11(1). doi:10.1186/s41479-019-0062-0.
