Cyclospora cayetanensis: Difference between revisions
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Cyclospora cayetanensis
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=== Epidemiology === |
=== Epidemiology === |
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* Humans are the only known host |
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* Worldwide distribution; endemic in developing countries with outbreaks in developed countries |
* Worldwide distribution; endemic in developing countries with outbreaks in developed countries |
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* Acquired via contaminated food or water, especially '''raspberries''', watercress, lettuce, basil, cilantro, etc. |
* Acquired via contaminated food or water, especially '''raspberries''', watercress, lettuce, basil, cilantro, etc. |
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** Essentially, produce that is difficult to wash |
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* Outbreaks each summer |
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=== Life Cycle === |
=== Life Cycle === |
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** Each contains two sporocysts, each of which in turn contains two sporozoites |
** Each contains two sporocysts, each of which in turn contains two sporozoites |
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== Clinical |
== Clinical Manifestations == |
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* Primarily causes an opportunistic infection |
* Primarily causes an opportunistic infection |
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* Causes an acute or chronic diarrhea |
* Causes an acute or chronic diarrhea |
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** Usually present sooner than, for example, [[Giardia lamblia]], since they're more unwell |
** Usually present sooner than, for example, [[Giardia lamblia]], since they're more unwell |
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* More inflammatory than some of the other intestinal protozoa, with more fevers and malaise |
* More inflammatory than some of the other intestinal protozoa, with more fevers and malaise |
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* '''Complications''' can include [[reactive arthritis]] and [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]] |
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== Diagnosis == |
== Diagnosis == |
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* |
* Stool microscopy with stool acid-fast staining, often requiring multiple samples |
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** The oocytes are shed only intermittently, so need many stool samples to get adequate sensitivity |
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* PCR |
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== Management == |
== Management == |
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Latest revision as of 23:53, 14 July 2020
Background
Epidemiology
- Humans are the only known host
- Worldwide distribution; endemic in developing countries with outbreaks in developed countries
- Acquired via contaminated food or water, especially raspberries, watercress, lettuce, basil, cilantro, etc.
- Essentially, produce that is difficult to wash
- Outbreaks each summer
Life Cycle
- Oocysts are quite resistant, and require sporulation in the environment before they are infectious
- Each contains two sporocysts, each of which in turn contains two sporozoites
Clinical Manifestations
- Primarily causes an opportunistic infection
- Causes an acute or chronic diarrhea
- Usually present sooner than, for example, Giardia lamblia, since they're more unwell
- More inflammatory than some of the other intestinal protozoa, with more fevers and malaise
- Complications can include reactive arthritis and Guillain-Barré syndrome
Diagnosis
- Stool microscopy with stool acid-fast staining, often requiring multiple samples
- The oocytes are shed only intermittently, so need many stool samples to get adequate sensitivity
- PCR
Management
- Treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole DS po bid for 7 to 10 days
- Alternative: ciprofloxacin 500 mg po bid for 7 days
