Encephalitis: Difference between revisions

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= Encephalitis =
 
 
== Definition ==
 
 
 
* Infection of the brain parenchyma causing clouding of the sensorium
 
* Infection of the brain parenchyma causing clouding of the sensorium
* Some overlap with [[Meningitis/Meningitis.md|meningitis]]
+
* Some overlap with [[Meningitis|meningitis]]
   
== Differential Diagnosis ==
+
= Differential Diagnosis =
   
 
* Infectious
 
* Infectious
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** Paraneoplastic syndromes
 
** Paraneoplastic syndromes
   
== Investigations ==
+
= Investigations =
   
 
* Lumbar puncture for viral culture or PCR
 
* Lumbar puncture for viral culture or PCR
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* EEG is rarely helpful except to rule out non-convulsive status epilepticus
 
* EEG is rarely helpful except to rule out non-convulsive status epilepticus
   
== Management ==
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= Management =
   
 
* Acyclovir for syspected HSV or VZV encephalitis
 
* Acyclovir for syspected HSV or VZV encephalitis
  +
  +
[[Category:CNS infections]]

Revision as of 13:31, 12 August 2019

  • Infection of the brain parenchyma causing clouding of the sensorium
  • Some overlap with meningitis

Differential Diagnosis

  • Infectious
    • Viruses
      • Enteroviruses
      • Eastern or Western equine encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile virus
      • Rabies
      • Hendra virus
      • Nipah virus
      • Tickborne encephalitis, La Crosse virus, Powassan virus
    • Bacteria
      • Mycoplasma pneumoniae
      • Listeria monocytogenes
      • Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)
      • Coxiella burnetii
      • Bartonella henselae or B. quintana
    • Other
      • Cryptococcus neoformans
      • Toxoplasma gondii
      • Bayliscarias procyonis
      • Prion disease (CJD)
  • Non-infectious (including post-infectious)
    • Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
    • Vasculitis
    • Collagen vascular disorders
    • Paraneoplastic syndromes

Investigations

  • Lumbar puncture for viral culture or PCR
  • MRI is the best neuroimaging; CT if MRI not available
  • EEG is rarely helpful except to rule out non-convulsive status epilepticus

Management

  • Acyclovir for syspected HSV or VZV encephalitis