Entamoeba histolytica: Difference between revisions
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Entamoeba histolytica
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== Background == |
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=== Microbiology === |
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* Intestinal protozoan parasite within the genus ''[[Entamoeba species|Entamoeba]]'' |
* Intestinal protozoan parasite within the genus ''[[Entamoeba species|Entamoeba]]'' |
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* Microscopically distinguishable from the non-pathogenic ''E. dispar'', ''E. moshkovskii'', and ''E. bangladeshii'' |
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* Causes amebic dysentery |
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=== Epidemiology === |
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* Causes 34 to 50 million cases annually and up to 100,000 deaths |
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== Clinical Presentation == |
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=== Amoebic diarrhea and dysentery === |
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* [[Causes::Amoebic diarrhea]], with or without dysentery, is common |
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** About 15 to 30% of cases involve [[Causes::amoebic dysentery]] (with macroscopic or microscopic blood) |
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* Typically a subacute onset over 3 to 4 weeks and abdominal pain |
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** However, can be up to months |
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* Fever is rare, even in dysentery |
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* In children, can lead to intussusception, perforation, and necrotizing colitis |
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=== Amoebic liver abscess === |
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* [[Causes::Amoebic liver abscess]] is far more common in men than women, and rare in children |
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* Symptoms progress over 2 to 4 weeks, with fever, cough, and abdominal pain |
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** The pain is typically a dull ache in the right upper quadrant or epigastrium |
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=== Disseminated emoebiasis === |
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* Metastatic infections are possible, most often from direct extension of a liver abscess |
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* Most commonly spreads to chest, with empyema, bronchohepatic fistula, pericarditis |
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* Cerebral disease is rare but can happen |
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== Diagnosis == |
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* Microscopically distinguishable from the non-pathogenic ''E. dispar'', so needs molecular tests to confirm diagnosis |
* Microscopically distinguishable from the non-pathogenic ''E. dispar'', so needs molecular tests to confirm diagnosis |
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Revision as of 18:34, 9 December 2019
Background
Microbiology
- Intestinal protozoan parasite within the genus Entamoeba
- Microscopically distinguishable from the non-pathogenic E. dispar, E. moshkovskii, and E. bangladeshii
Epidemiology
- Causes 34 to 50 million cases annually and up to 100,000 deaths
Clinical Presentation
Amoebic diarrhea and dysentery
- Amoebic diarrhea, with or without dysentery, is common
- About 15 to 30% of cases involve amoebic dysentery (with macroscopic or microscopic blood)
- Typically a subacute onset over 3 to 4 weeks and abdominal pain
- However, can be up to months
- Fever is rare, even in dysentery
- In children, can lead to intussusception, perforation, and necrotizing colitis
Amoebic liver abscess
- Amoebic liver abscess is far more common in men than women, and rare in children
- Symptoms progress over 2 to 4 weeks, with fever, cough, and abdominal pain
- The pain is typically a dull ache in the right upper quadrant or epigastrium
Disseminated emoebiasis
- Metastatic infections are possible, most often from direct extension of a liver abscess
- Most commonly spreads to chest, with empyema, bronchohepatic fistula, pericarditis
- Cerebral disease is rare but can happen
Diagnosis
- Microscopically distinguishable from the non-pathogenic E. dispar, so needs molecular tests to confirm diagnosis
