Rickettsia: Difference between revisions
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Rickettsia
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* A genus of obligate mostly-tick-borne intracellular Gram-negative bacteria |
* A genus of obligate mostly-tick-borne intracellular Gram-negative bacteria |
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= Typhus Group = |
== Typhus Group == |
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* ''[[R. prowazekii]]'': causes epidemic typhus, transmitted by the body louse |
* ''[[R. prowazekii]]'': causes epidemic typhus, transmitted by the body louse |
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* ''[[R. typhi]]'': causes murine/endemic typhus, transmitted by rat/cat fleas |
* ''[[R. typhi]]'': causes murine/endemic typhus, transmitted by rat/cat fleas |
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= Spotted Fever Group = |
== Spotted Fever Group == |
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* ''[[R. rickettsii]]'': causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) |
* ''[[R. rickettsii]]'': causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) |
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** Transmitted by ''Dermacentor marginatus'' ticks |
** Transmitted by ''Dermacentor marginatus'' ticks |
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== Transitional Group == |
=== Transitional Group === |
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* ''[[R. akari]]'': causes rickettsialpox, transmitted by the house mouse mite, ''Liponyssoides sanguineus'' |
* ''[[R. akari]]'': causes rickettsialpox, transmitted by the house mouse mite, ''Liponyssoides sanguineus'' |
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** Fevers with headache, myalgia, maculopapular rash, neurologic involvement, vomiting, abdo pain, resp involvement |
** Fevers with headache, myalgia, maculopapular rash, neurologic involvement, vomiting, abdo pain, resp involvement |
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== Management == |
=== Management === |
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* [[Doxycycline]] 100 mg po bid for 7 to 10 days |
* [[Doxycycline]] 100 mg po bid for 7 to 10 days |
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* ''Avoid'' Septra, which appears to ''worsen'' severity of disease! |
* ''Avoid'' Septra, which appears to ''worsen'' severity of disease! |
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= Ancestral Group = |
== Ancestral Group == |
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* ''[[Rickettsia bellii]]'' |
* ''[[Rickettsia bellii]]'' |
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* ''[[Rickettsia canadensis]]'' |
* ''[[Rickettsia canadensis]]'' |
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= Other Rickettsiae = |
== Other Rickettsiae == |
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* ''[[Orientia tsutsugamushi]]'': causes scrub typhus, transmitted by chiggers |
* ''[[Orientia tsutsugamushi]]'': causes scrub typhus, transmitted by chiggers |
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Revision as of 20:13, 15 August 2019
- A genus of obligate mostly-tick-borne intracellular Gram-negative bacteria
Typhus Group
- R. prowazekii: causes epidemic typhus, transmitted by the body louse
- R. typhi: causes murine/endemic typhus, transmitted by rat/cat fleas
Spotted Fever Group
- R. rickettsii: causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)
- R. parkeri: carried by A. maculatum in the southern US and A. triste in Uruguay, Brazil, and Argentina
- R. conorrii: causes boutonneuse fever
- R. japonica: causes oriental spotter fever
- R. heilongiangensis: causes Far Eastern spotted fever in eastern Russia, Thailand, and China
- R. africae: causes African tick bite fever
- R. slovaca: causes tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA)
- Transmitted by Dermacentor marginatus ticks
Transitional Group
- R. akari: causes rickettsialpox, transmitted by the house mouse mite, Liponyssoides sanguineus
- R. australis: causes North Queensland tick typhus
- R. felis: causes flea-borne spotted fever
- Cats are host to the flea vector Ctenocephalides felis, which has worldwide distribution
- Fevers with headache, myalgia, maculopapular rash, neurologic involvement, vomiting, abdo pain, resp involvement
Management
- Doxycycline 100 mg po bid for 7 to 10 days
- Alternatively: tetracycline 2 g/day or chloramphenicol 2 g/d
- Alternatively: ciprofloxacin 750 mg po bid for 5 to 7 days
- But no good evidence for this
- Can use doxycycline safely for these duration in children <8 years, and is strongly indicated for rickettsioses
- May use azithromycin or clarithromycin in pregnant women
- Avoid Septra, which appears to worsen severity of disease!
Ancestral Group
Other Rickettsiae
- Orientia tsutsugamushi: causes scrub typhus, transmitted by chiggers
- Ehrlichia: transmitted by ticks
- Anaplasma: transmitted by ticks
- Neorickettsia: transmitted by helminths
- Wolbachia: transmitted by helminths and arthropods
