Herpesviridae: Difference between revisions
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Herpesviridae
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== Background == |
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=== Microbiology === |
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*A family of double-stranded DNA viruses that cause disease in humans |
*A family of [[Baltimore classification::dsDNA virus|double-stranded DNA viruses]] that cause disease in humans |
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*The human herpesviruses are further subdivided into three subfamilies |
*The human herpesviruses are further subdivided into three subfamilies |
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**''Alphaherpesvirinae'': dormant in neurons |
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***HHV-1: [[HSV-1]] |
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!Subfamily |
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***HHV-2: [[HSV-2]] |
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!Species |
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***HHV-3: [[VZV]] |
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!Reservoir |
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!Transmission |
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!Clinical Associations |
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***HHV-5: [[CMV]] |
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***HHV-6 and HHV-7: roseolaviruses |
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| rowspan="3" |''Alphaherpesvirinae'' |
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**''Gammaherpesvirinae'': associated with malignancy |
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|[[HSV-1]] (HHV-1) |
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***HHV-4: [[EBV]] |
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| rowspan="3" |Sensory ganglia |
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***HHV-8: [[Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus]] |
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|Saliva, skin lesions, vertical transmission |
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|[[HSV-2]] (HHV-2) |
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|Skin lesions, sexual contact, vertical transmission |
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|[[VZV]] (HHV-3) |
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|Skin lesions, respiratory droplets, vertical transmission |
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|[[CMV]] (HHV-5) |
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|Myeloid progenitors |
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|Saliva, respiratory droplets, vertical transmission |
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|[[Roseolavirus]] (HHV-6a and -6b) |
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|Myeloid progenitors |
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|Saliva |
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|[[Roseolavirus]] (HHV-7) |
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|CD4 T cells |
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|Saliva |
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| rowspan="2" |''Gammaherpesvirinae'' |
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|[[EBV]] (HHV-4) |
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| rowspan="2" |B lymphocytes |
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|Saliva |
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|Various hematologic malignancies |
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|[[KSHV]] (HHV-8) |
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|Saliva, sexual contact |
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|HIV, [[Kaposi sarcoma]] |
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=== Epidemiology === |
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* Transmitted human-to-human through saliva, skin lesions, respiratory droplets, in utero, or intrapartum |
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* Except HSV-2 and HHV-8, these viruses are incredibly common in modern human populations |
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==Management== |
==Management== |
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Latest revision as of 18:16, 14 January 2026
Background
Microbiology
- A family of double-stranded DNA viruses that cause disease in humans
- The human herpesviruses are further subdivided into three subfamilies
- Also remember Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1
| Subfamily | Species | Reservoir | Transmission | Clinical Associations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alphaherpesvirinae | HSV-1 (HHV-1) | Sensory ganglia | Saliva, skin lesions, vertical transmission | |
| HSV-2 (HHV-2) | Skin lesions, sexual contact, vertical transmission | |||
| VZV (HHV-3) | Skin lesions, respiratory droplets, vertical transmission | |||
| Betaherpesvirinae | CMV (HHV-5) | Myeloid progenitors | Saliva, respiratory droplets, vertical transmission | |
| Roseolavirus (HHV-6a and -6b) | Myeloid progenitors | Saliva | ||
| Roseolavirus (HHV-7) | CD4 T cells | Saliva | ||
| Gammaherpesvirinae | EBV (HHV-4) | B lymphocytes | Saliva | Various hematologic malignancies |
| KSHV (HHV-8) | Saliva, sexual contact | HIV, Kaposi sarcoma |
Epidemiology
- Transmitted human-to-human through saliva, skin lesions, respiratory droplets, in utero, or intrapartum
- Except HSV-2 and HHV-8, these viruses are incredibly common in modern human populations
Management
- Typically respond to antivirals, including acyclovir, valacyclovir, ganciclovir, valganciclovir, and foscarnet
