Herpesviridae: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 18:16, 14 January 2026

Background

Microbiology

A family of double-stranded DNA viruses that cause disease in humans
The human herpesviruses are further subdivided into three subfamilies
- Also remember Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1

Subfamily	Species	Reservoir	Transmission	Clinical Associations
Alphaherpesvirinae	HSV-1 (HHV-1)	Sensory ganglia	Saliva, skin lesions, vertical transmission
	HSV-2 (HHV-2)		Skin lesions, sexual contact, vertical transmission
	VZV (HHV-3)		Skin lesions, respiratory droplets, vertical transmission
Betaherpesvirinae	CMV (HHV-5)	Myeloid progenitors	Saliva, respiratory droplets, vertical transmission
	Roseolavirus (HHV-6a and -6b)	Myeloid progenitors	Saliva
	Roseolavirus (HHV-7)	CD4 T cells	Saliva
Gammaherpesvirinae	EBV (HHV-4)	B lymphocytes	Saliva	Various hematologic malignancies
Gammaherpesvirinae	KSHV (HHV-8)	B lymphocytes	Saliva, sexual contact	HIV, Kaposi sarcoma

Epidemiology

Transmitted human-to-human through saliva, skin lesions, respiratory droplets, in utero, or intrapartum
Except HSV-2 and HHV-8, these viruses are incredibly common in modern human populations

Management

Typically respond to antivirals, including acyclovir, valacyclovir, ganciclovir, valganciclovir, and foscarnet

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+== Background ==
-{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Herpesviridae''}}
-==Microbiology==
+=== Microbiology ===
+*A family of [[Baltimore classification::dsDNA virus|double-stranded DNA viruses]] that cause disease in humans
-*A family of double-stranded DNA viruses that cause disease in humans
 *The human herpesviruses are further subdivided into three subfamilies
+**Also remember [[Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1]]
-**''Alphaherpesvirinae'': dormant in neurons
+{| class="wikitable"
-***HHV-1: [[HSV-1]]
+!Subfamily
-***HHV-2: [[HSV-2]]
+!Species
-***HHV-3: [[VZV]]
+!Reservoir
-***Also remember [[Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1]]
+!Transmission
-**''Betaherpesvirinae''
+!Clinical Associations
-***HHV-5: [[CMV]]
+|-
-***HHV-6 and HHV-7: roseolaviruses
+| rowspan="3" |''Alphaherpesvirinae''
-**''Gammaherpesvirinae'': associated with malignancy
+|[[HSV-1]] (HHV-1)
-***HHV-4: [[EBV]]
+| rowspan="3" |Sensory ganglia
-***HHV-8: [[Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus]]
+|Saliva, skin lesions, vertical transmission
+|
+|-
+|[[HSV-2]] (HHV-2)
+|Skin lesions, sexual contact, vertical transmission
+|
+|-
+|[[VZV]] (HHV-3)
+|Skin lesions, respiratory droplets, vertical transmission
+|
+|-
+| rowspan="3" |''Betaherpesvirinae''
+|[[CMV]] (HHV-5)
+|Myeloid progenitors
+|Saliva, respiratory droplets, vertical transmission
+|
+|-
+|[[Roseolavirus]] (HHV-6a and -6b)
+|Myeloid progenitors
+|Saliva
+|
+|-
+|[[Roseolavirus]] (HHV-7)
+|CD4 T cells
+|Saliva
+|
+|-
+| rowspan="2" |''Gammaherpesvirinae''
+|[[EBV]] (HHV-4)
+| rowspan="2" |B lymphocytes
+|Saliva
+|Various hematologic malignancies
+|-
+|[[KSHV]] (HHV-8)
+|Saliva, sexual contact
+|HIV, [[Kaposi sarcoma]]
+|}
+=== Epidemiology ===
+* Transmitted human-to-human through saliva, skin lesions, respiratory droplets, in utero, or intrapartum
+* Except HSV-2 and HHV-8, these viruses are incredibly common in modern human populations
 ==Management==
@@ Line 21: / Line 62: @@
 *Typically respond to antivirals, including [[Is treated by::acyclovir]], [[Is treated by::valacyclovir]], [[Is treated by::ganciclovir]], [[Is treated by::valganciclovir]], and [[Is treated by::foscarnet]]
+{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Herpesviridae''}}
 [[Category:Herpesviridae]]