Rickettsia: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 14:57, 11 November 2025

Background

A genus of obligate mostly-tick-borne intracellular Gram-negative bacteria

Species	Disease	Vector	Distribution
Typhus Group
Rickettsia prowazekii	epidemic typhus	body louse
Rickettsia typhi	murine/endemic typhus	rat/cat fleas
Spotted Fever Group
Rickettsia rickettsii	Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)	Dermacentor variabilis ticks	eastern, central, and Pacific coast of US
		Dermacentor andersoni ticks	western US
		Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks	Mexico and southern US
		Amblyomma cajennense ticks	Central and South America
Rickettsia parkeri	American tick-borne fever	Amblyommma maculatum ticks	southern US
Rickettsia parkeri	American tick-borne fever	Amblyomma triste ticks	Uruguay, Brazil, and Argentina
Rickettsia conorii	Mediterranean spotted fever	Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks
Rickettsia japonica	Oriental spotter fever
Rickettsia heilongiangensis	Far Eastern spotted fever		eastern Russia, Thailand, and China
Rickettsia africae	African tick bite fever	Amblyomma ticks
Rickettsia slovaca	tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA)	Dermacentor marginatus ticks
Transitional Group
Rickettsia akari	rickettsialpox	Liponyssoides sanguineus house mouse mites
Rickettsia australis	North Queensland tick typhus
Rickettsia felis	flea-borne spotted fever
Ancestral Group
Rickettsia bellii
Rickettsia canadensis
Other Rickettsiae
Orientia tsutsugamushi	scrub typhus	chiggers
Ehrlichia species	human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis	Amblyomma americanum and other ticks
Anaplasma species	human granulocytic anaplasmosis	Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus ticks
Neorickettsia		helminths
Wolbachia		helminths and arthropods

Management

Spotted Fever Group

Doxycycline 100 mg po bid for 7 to 10 days
- Alternatively: tetracycline 2 g/day or chloramphenicol 2 g/d
- Alternatively: ciprofloxacin 750 mg po bid for 5 to 7 days
  - But no good evidence for this
Can use doxycycline safely for these duration in children <8 years, and is strongly indicated for rickettsioses
May use azithromycin or clarithromycin in pregnant women
Avoid TMP-SMX, which appears to worsen severity of disease!

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 ! colspan=4 | Typhus Group
 |-
-| ''[[R. prowazekii]]'' || epidemic typhus || body louse ||
+| [[Rickettsia prowazekii]]|| epidemic typhus || body louse ||
 |-
-| ''[[R. typhi]]'' || murine/endemic typhus || rat/cat fleas ||
+| [[Rickettsia typhi]]|| murine/endemic typhus || rat/cat fleas ||
 |-
 ! colspan=4 | Spotted Fever Group
 |-
-| rowspan=4 | ''[[R. rickettsii]]''
+| rowspan=4 | [[Rickettsia rickettsii]]
 | rowspan=4 | Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)
-| ''[[Dermacentor variabilis]]'' || eastern, central, and Pacific coast of US
+| [[Dermacentor variabilis]] ticks || eastern, central, and Pacific coast of US
 |-
-| ''[[Dermacentor andersoni]]'' ticks || western US
+| [[Dermacentor andersoni]] ticks || western US
 |-
-| ''[[Rhipicephalus sanguineus]]'' || Mexico and southern US
+| [[Rhipicephalus sanguineus]] ticks || Mexico and southern US
 |-
-| ''[[Amblyomma cajennense]]'' || Central and South America
+| [[Amblyomma cajennense]] ticks || Central and South America
 |-
-| rowspan=2 | ''[[R. parkeri]]''
+| rowspan=2 | [[Rickettsia parkeri]]
 | rowspan=2 | American tick-borne fever
-| ''[[Amblyommma maculatum]]'' || southern US
+| [[Amblyommma maculatum]] ticks || southern US
 |-
-| ''[[Amblyomma triste]]'' || Uruguay, Brazil, and Argentina
+| [[Amblyomma triste]] ticks || Uruguay, Brazil, and Argentina
 |-
-| ''[[R. conorii]]'' || Mediterranean spotted fever || ''[[Rhipicephalus sanguineus]]'' ticks ||
+| [[Rickettsia conorii]]|| Mediterranean spotted fever || [[Rhipicephalus sanguineus]] ticks ||
 |-
-| ''[[R. japonica]]'' || Oriental spotter fever || ||
+| [[Rickettsia japonica]]|| Oriental spotter fever || ||
 |-
-| ''[[R. heilongiangensis]]'' || Far Eastern spotted fever || || eastern Russia, Thailand, and China
+| [[Rickettsia heilongiangensis]]|| Far Eastern spotted fever || || eastern Russia, Thailand, and China
 |-
-| ''[[R. africae]]'' || African tick bite fever || ''[[Amblyomma]]'' ticks ||
+| [[Rickettsia africae]]|| African tick bite fever || [[Amblyomma]] ticks ||
 |-
-| ''[[R. slovaca]]'' || tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA) || ''[[Dermacentor marginatus]]'' ticks ||
+| [[Rickettsia slovaca]]|| tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA) || [[Dermacentor marginatus]] ticks ||
 |-
 ! colspan=4 | Transitional Group
 |-
-| ''[[R. akari]]'' || rickettsialpox || ''[[Liponyssoides sanguineus]]'' house mouse mites ||
+| [[Rickettsia akari]]|| rickettsialpox || [[Liponyssoides sanguineus]] house mouse mites ||
 |-
-| ''[[R. australis]]'' || North Queensland tick typhus || ||
+| [[Rickettsia australis]]|| North Queensland tick typhus || ||
 |-
-| ''[[R. felis]]'' || flea-borne spotted fever || ||
+| [[Rickettsia felis]]|| flea-borne spotted fever || ||
 |-
 ! colspan=4 | Ancestral Group
 |-
-| ''[[Rickettsia bellii]]'' || || ||
+| [[Rickettsia bellii]]|| || ||
 |-
-| ''[[Rickettsia canadensis]]'' || || ||
+| [[Rickettsia canadensis]]|| || ||
 |-
 ! colspan=4 | Other Rickettsiae
 |-
-| ''[[Orientia tsutsugamushi]]'' || scrub typhus || chiggers ||
+| [[Orientia tsutsugamushi]]|| scrub typhus || chiggers ||
 |-
-| ''[[Ehrlichia]]'' species || human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis || ''[[Amblyomma americanum]]'' and other ticks ||
+| ''[[Ehrlichia]]'' species || human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis || [[Amblyomma americanum]] and other ticks ||
 |-
-| ''[[Anaplasma]]'' species || human granulocytic anaplasmosis ||  ''[[Ixodes scapularis]]'' and ''[[Ixodes pacificus]]'' ticks ||
+| [[Anaplasma]] species || human granulocytic anaplasmosis ||  [[Ixodes scapularis]] and [[Ixodes pacificus]] ticks ||
 |-
-| ''[[Neorickettsia]]'' || || helminths ||
+| [[Neorickettsia]]|| || helminths ||
 |-
-| ''[[Wolbachia]]'' || || helminths and arthropods ||
+| [[Wolbachia]]|| || helminths and arthropods ||
 |}
@@ Line 80: / Line 80: @@
-{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Rickettsia'' species}}
+{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Rickettsia''}}
 [[Category:Rickettsioses]]