Coagulase-negative staphylococci: Difference between revisions

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Group of Gram-positive cocci that are catalase positive and coagulase negative

Organisms

Staphylococcus epidermidis group
Staphylococcus haemolyticus group
Staphylococcus saprophyticus: mainly causes UTIs
Staphylococcus massiliensis
Staphylococcus lugdenensis: has more in common with Staphylococcus aureus and should never be considered a contaminant
Unclear grouping

Clinical Manifestations

Common contaminants of blood culture bottles
Infections more commonly of indwelling hardware
Endocarditis occasionally, and the highest risk is with Staphylococcus epidermidis than with other species12

Management

Generally resistant to β-lactams
First-line: vancomycin
Alternatives: linezolid, daptomycin, co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline

References

^ Antonio Ramos-Martínez, Patricia González-Merino, Elena Suanzes-Martín, Marta Murga-de la Fuente, Gabriela Escudero-López, Ane Andrés-Eisenhofer, Esther Expósito-Palomo, Andrea Gutierrez-Villanueva, Itziar Diego-Yagüe, Elena Múñez, Ana Fernandez-Cruz, Jorge Calderón-Parra. Risk of endocarditis among patients with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus bacteremia. Scientific Reports. 2023;13(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-023-41888-7.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+* Group of [[Stain::Gram-positive]] [[Shape::coccus|cocci]] that are catalase [[Catalase::positive]] and coagulase [[Coagulase::negative]]
-= Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS/CNSt) =
-== Organisms ==
+==Organisms==
-* ''Staphylococcus epidermidis'' group
+*''Staphylococcus epidermidis'' group
-** ''S. epidermidis''
+**[[Staphylococcus epidermidis]]
-** ''S. capitis''
+**[[Staphylococcus capitis]]
-** ''S. simulans''
+**[[Staphylococcus simulans]]
+*''Staphylococcus haemolyticus'' group
-** ?''S. warneri''
-* ''S. haemolyticus'' group
+**[[Staphylococcus haemolyticus]]
+**[[Staphylococcus hominis]]
-** ''S. haemolyticus''
+**[[Staphylococcus devriesei]]
-** ''S. hominis''
+*[[Staphylococcus saprophyticus]]: mainly causes UTIs
-** ''S. devriesei''
+*[[Staphylococcus massiliensis]]
-* ''S. saprophyticus'': mainly causes UTIs
+*[[Staphylococcus lugdenensis]]: has more in common with Staphylococcus aureus and should never be considered a contaminant
-* ''S. massiliensis''
+*Unclear grouping
-* ''S. lugdenensis'': has more in common with ''S. aureus'' and should never be considered a contaminant
+**[[Staphylococcus lyticans]]
-* Unclear grouping
+**[[Staphylococcus pettenkoferi]]
-** ''S. lyticans''
+**[[Staphylococcus petrasii]]
-** ''S. pettenkoferi''
+**[[Staphylococcus pseudolugdunensis]]
-** ''S. petrasii''
+**[[Staphylococcus warneri]]
-** ''S. pseudolugdunensis''
-== Management ==
+== Clinical Manifestations ==
+* Common [[Blood culture contamination|contaminants of blood culture bottles]]
-* Generally resistant to beta lactams
+* Infections more commonly of indwelling hardware
-* First-line: vancomycin
+* Endocarditis occasionally, and the highest risk is with [[Staphylococcus epidermidis]] than with other species[[CiteRef::ramos-martínez2023ri]][[CiteRef::haddad2023bl]]
-* Alternatives: linezolid, daptomycin, Septra, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline
+==Management==
+*Generally resistant to [[β-lactams]]
+*First-line: [[vancomycin]]
+*Alternatives: [[linezolid]], [[daptomycin]], [[co-trimoxazole]], [[ciprofloxacin]], [[doxycycline]]
+[[Category:Gram-positive cocci]]