Oropouche virus: Difference between revisions
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(Created page with "== Background == === Microbiology === * Member of the family Family::Peribunyaviridae and genus Genus::Orthobunyavirus within the Simbu serogroup === Epidemiology === * Transmitted by mosquitoes and midges * Causes periodic outbreaks in the Amazon Basin, but has since spread to other parts of South America and the Caribbean ** Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Guyana, Peru, Ecuador, and Panama ** But also Argentina, French Guiana, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobag...") |
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=== Epidemiology === |
=== Epidemiology === |
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* Transmitted by mosquitoes and midges |
* Transmitted by Transmitted by::Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes and [[Transmitted by::Culicoides paraensis]] midges |
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* Causes periodic outbreaks in the Amazon Basin, but has since spread to other parts of South America and the Caribbean |
* Causes periodic outbreaks in the Amazon Basin, but has since spread to other parts of South America and the Caribbean |
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** Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Guyana, Peru, Ecuador, and Panama |
** Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Guyana, Peru, Ecuador, and Panama |
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** May have maculopapular rash starting on trunk and spreading to extremities |
** May have maculopapular rash starting on trunk and spreading to extremities |
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* Occasionally can have conjunctival injection, diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, and hemorrhagic symptoms |
* Occasionally can have conjunctival injection, diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, and hemorrhagic symptoms |
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* Bloodwork may show lymphopenia, elevated CRP, and mildly elevated liver enzymes |
* Bloodwork may show lymphopenia, elevated CRP, and mildly elevated liver enzymes |
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* Overall usually mild and self-limited |
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=== Neuroinvasive Disease === |
=== Neuroinvasive Disease === |
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== Diagnosis == |
== Diagnosis == |
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* PCR |
* PCR done on serum and urine |
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** Can also be done on CSF and tissue |
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** Ideally collected as soon as possible, up to 10 days of symptom onset |
** Ideally collected as soon as possible, up to 10 days of symptom onset |
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* Serology also available but plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) |
* Serology also available but plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) |
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** Acute (collected within 7 days of symptoms) and convalescent (2 to 3 weeks after the first collection) are required |
** Acute (collected within 7 days of symptoms) and convalescent (2 to 3 weeks after the first collection) are required |
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== Treatment == |
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* Supportive care |
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Latest revision as of 13:44, 13 March 2025
Background
Microbiology
- Member of the family Peribunyaviridae and genus Orthobunyavirus within the Simbu serogroup
Epidemiology
- Transmitted by Transmitted by::Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes and Culicoides paraensis midges
- Causes periodic outbreaks in the Amazon Basin, but has since spread to other parts of South America and the Caribbean
- Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Guyana, Peru, Ecuador, and Panama
- But also Argentina, French Guiana, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago
- Cases now appearing in Barbados and Cuba
History
- Originally detected in 1955 in a person from the Vega de Oropouche village in Trinidad and Tobago, along the Oropouche River
Clinical Manifestations
- Incubation period 3 to 10 days
- Starts with fever, headache (often severe), chills, myalgias, arthralgias
- May have photophobia, dizziness, retroorbital/eye pain, nausea/vomiting
- May have maculopapular rash starting on trunk and spreading to extremities
- Occasionally can have conjunctival injection, diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, and hemorrhagic symptoms
- Bloodwork may show lymphopenia, elevated CRP, and mildly elevated liver enzymes
- Overall usually mild and self-limited
- Lasts for up to a week, but can recur days or weeks later
Neuroinvasive Disease
- In up to 4% of patients affected, it can cause meningitis or encephalitis
- A few case reports of Guillain-Barré syndrome 10 to 11 days after onset of symptoms
Diagnosis
- PCR done on serum and urine
- Can also be done on CSF and tissue
- Ideally collected as soon as possible, up to 10 days of symptom onset
- Serology also available but plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT)
- Acute (collected within 7 days of symptoms) and convalescent (2 to 3 weeks after the first collection) are required
Treatment
- Supportive care
