Obligate anaerobes: Difference between revisions
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*Gram-positive |
*Gram-positive |
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**Cocci |
**Cocci |
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| − | ***[[Peptostreptococcus]] |
+ | ***[[Peptostreptococcus]]: [[Peptostreptococcus anaerobius]] |
| + | ***[[Finegoldia]] |
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| + | ***[[Anaerococcus]] |
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| + | ***[[Peptoniphilus]] |
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| + | ***[[Parvimonas]]: [[Parvimonas micra]] |
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| + | ***Others: [[Murdochiella]], [[Atopobium]], [[Anaerosphaera]] |
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**Bacilli (spore-forming) |
**Bacilli (spore-forming) |
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***[[Clostridium species|Clostridium]]: C. perfringens, C. ramosum, C. septicum, C. novyi, C. histolytica, C. sporogenes, C. bifermentans, C. butyricum, C. innocuum, C. sordellii, C. botulinum, C. tetani |
***[[Clostridium species|Clostridium]]: C. perfringens, C. ramosum, C. septicum, C. novyi, C. histolytica, C. sporogenes, C. bifermentans, C. butyricum, C. innocuum, C. sordellii, C. botulinum, C. tetani |
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*[[Is treated by::Ampicillin]] or [[Is treated by::penicillin]] (for Gram-positive anaerobes) |
*[[Is treated by::Ampicillin]] or [[Is treated by::penicillin]] (for Gram-positive anaerobes) |
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| − | *β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations |
+ | *β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations |
*Cephamycins (e.g. [[Is treated by::cefoxitin]]) |
*Cephamycins (e.g. [[Is treated by::cefoxitin]]) |
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| − | *[[Is treated by:: |
+ | *[[Is treated by::Carbapenems]] |
| − | *[[Is treated by:: |
+ | *[[Is treated by::Clindamycin]] (though increasing resistance) |
| − | *[[Is treated by:: |
+ | *[[Is treated by::Metronidazole]] |
| − | *[[Is treated by:: |
+ | *[[Is treated by::Moxifloxacin]] |
| − | *[[Is treated by:: |
+ | *[[Is treated by::Tetracycline]] |
==Further Reading== |
==Further Reading== |
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Latest revision as of 11:06, 20 September 2024
Microbiology
- Colonizes skin and mucosal surfaces
- Difficult to grow
Organisms
- Gram-negative
- Bacilli
- Bacteroides fragilis group:
- Bacteroides: Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides distasonis, Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides uniformis
- Parabacteroides: Parabacteroides gordonii, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, Parabacteroides distasonis, Parabacteroides merdae
- Phocaeicola: Phocaeicola vulgatus, Phocaeicola dorei
- Other Bacteroides spp.: Bacteroides gracilis, Bacteroides ureolyticus
- Prevotella
- Pigmented: P. melaninogenica, P. intermedia, P. denticola, P. loescheii, P. corporis, P. nigrescens
- Non-pigmented: P. oris, P. buccae, P. oralis group (P. oralis, P. buccalis, P. veroralis), P. bivia, P. disiens
- Porphyromonas: P. asaccharolytica, P. gingivalis, P. endodontalis
- Fusobacterium: F. nucleatum, F. necrophorum, F. gonidiaformans, F. naviforme, F. mortiferum, F. verium
- Bilophila: Bilophila wadsworthia
- Sutterella
- Bacteroides fragilis group:
- Cocci
- Bacilli
- Gram-positive
- Cocci
- Bacilli (spore-forming)
- Clostridium: C. perfringens, C. ramosum, C. septicum, C. novyi, C. histolytica, C. sporogenes, C. bifermentans, C. butyricum, C. innocuum, C. sordellii, C. botulinum, C. tetani
- Clostridioides difficile
- Bacilli (non-spore-forming)
- Propionibacterium: P. acnes, P. propionicum, P. granulosum
- Eubacterium tentum
- Bifidobacterium: B. eriksonii, B. dentium
- Actinomyces: A. israelii, A. naestundii, A. viscosus, A. odontolyticus, A. meyerii
Management
- Ampicillin or penicillin (for Gram-positive anaerobes)
- β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations
- Cephamycins (e.g. cefoxitin)
- Carbapenems
- Clindamycin (though increasing resistance)
- Metronidazole
- Moxifloxacin
- Tetracycline
Further Reading
- Brook I. Spectrum and treatment of anaerobic infections. J Infect Chemother (2015). doi: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.10.010
