Obligate anaerobes: Difference between revisions

From IDWiki
()
No edit summary
 
(11 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
= Microbiology =
+
==Microbiology==
   
* Colonizes skin and mucosal surfaces
+
*Colonizes skin and mucosal surfaces
* Difficult to grow
+
*Difficult to grow
   
= Organisms =
+
==Organisms==
   
* Gram-negative
+
*Gram-negative
** Bacilli
+
**Bacilli
*** ''[[Bacteroides]]'' spp.
+
***[[Bacteroides fragilis group]]:
**** ''B. fragilis'' group: B. fragilis, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. distasonis, B. vulgatus, B. ovatus, B. uniformis
+
****[[Bacteroides]]: [[Bacteroides fragilis]], [[Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron]], [[Bacteroides distasonis]], [[Bacteroides ovatus]], [[Bacteroides uniformis]]
  +
****[[Parabacteroides]]: [[Parabacteroides gordonii]], [[Parabacteroides goldsteinii]], [[Parabacteroides distasonis]], [[Parabacteroides merdae]]
**** Other ''Bacteroides'' spp.: B. gracilis, B. ureolyticus, Bilophila wadsworthia, Sutterella spp
 
  +
****[[Phocaeicola]]: [[Phocaeicola vulgatus]], [[Phocaeicola dorei]]
*** ''Prevotella'' spp.
 
 
***Other [[Bacteroides]] spp.: [[Bacteroides gracilis]], [[Bacteroides ureolyticus]]
**** Pigmented: ''P. melaninogenica'', ''P. intermedia'', ''P. denticola'', ''P. loescheii'', ''P. corporis'', ''P. nigrescens''
 
  +
***[[Prevotella species|Prevotella]]
**** Non-pigmented: ''P. oris'', ''P. buccae'', ''P. oralis'' group (''P. oralis'', ''P. buccalis'', ''P. veroralis''), ''P. bivia'', ''P. disiens''
 
 
****Pigmented: P. melaninogenica, P. intermedia, P. denticola, P. loescheii, P. corporis, P. nigrescens
*** ''Porphyromonas'' spp.: ''P. asaccharolytica'', ''P. gingivalis'', ''P. endodontalis''
 
 
****Non-pigmented: P. oris, P. buccae, P. oralis group (P. oralis, P. buccalis, P. veroralis), P. bivia, P. disiens
*** ''[[Fusobacterium]]'' spp.: ''F. nucleatum'', ''F. necrophorum'', ''F. gonidiaformans'', ''F. naviforme'', ''F. mortiferum'', ''F. verium''
 
 
***[[Porphyromonas species|Porphyromonas]]: P. asaccharolytica, P. gingivalis, P. endodontalis
*** ''Bilophila'' spp.
 
 
***[[Fusobacterium species|Fusobacterium]]: F. nucleatum, F. necrophorum, F. gonidiaformans, F. naviforme, F. mortiferum, F. verium
*** ''Sutterella'' spp.
 
  +
***[[Bilophila species|Bilophila]]: [[Bilophila wadsworthia]]
** Cocci
 
  +
***[[Sutterella species|Sutterella]]
*** ''Veillonella'' spp.
 
 
**Cocci
* Gram-positive
 
  +
***[[Veillonella species|Veillonella]]
** Cocci
 
 
*Gram-positive
*** ''Peptostreptococcus'' spp.: ''P. magnus'', ''P. asaccharolyticus'', ''P. prevotii'', ''P. intermedius'', ''P. anaerobius'', ''P. micros''
 
 
**Cocci
** Bacilli (spore-forming)
 
  +
***[[Peptostreptococcus]]: [[Peptostreptococcus anaerobius]]
*** ''Clostridium'' spp.: ''C. perfringens'', ''C. ramosum'', ''C. septicum'', ''C. novyi'', ''C. histolytica'', ''C. sporogenes'', ''C. difficile'', ''C. bifermentans'', ''C. butyricum'', ''C. innocuum'', ''C. sordellii'', ''C. botulinum'', ''C. tetani''
 
  +
***[[Finegoldia]]
** Bacilli (non-spore-forming)
 
  +
***[[Anaerococcus]]
*** ''Propionibacterium'' spp.: ''[[P. acnes]]'', ''P. propionicum'', ''P. granulosum''
 
  +
***[[Peptoniphilus]]
*** ''Eubacterium tentum''
 
  +
***[[Parvimonas]]: [[Parvimonas micra]]
*** ''Bifidobacterium'' spp.: ''B. eriksonii'', ''B. dentium''
 
  +
***Others: [[Murdochiella]], [[Atopobium]], [[Anaerosphaera]]
*** ''Actinomyces'' spp.: ''A. israelii'', ''A. naestundii'', ''A. viscosus'', ''A. odontolyticus'', ''A. meyerii''
 
 
**Bacilli (spore-forming)
 
***[[Clostridium species|Clostridium]]: C. perfringens, C. ramosum, C. septicum, C. novyi, C. histolytica, C. sporogenes, C. bifermentans, C. butyricum, C. innocuum, C. sordellii, C. botulinum, C. tetani
  +
***[[Clostridioides difficile]]
 
**Bacilli (non-spore-forming)
 
***[[Propionibacterium species|Propionibacterium]]: [[P. acnes]], P. propionicum, P. granulosum
 
***[[Eubacterium tentum]]
 
***[[Bifidobacterium species|Bifidobacterium]]: B. eriksonii, B. dentium
 
***[[Actinomyces species|Actinomyces]]: A. israelii, A. naestundii, A. viscosus, A. odontolyticus, A. meyerii
   
  +
==Management==
= Further Reading =
 
   
  +
*[[Is treated by::Ampicillin]] or [[Is treated by::penicillin]] (for Gram-positive anaerobes)
* Brook I. Spectrum and treatment of anaerobic infections. ''J Infect Chemother'' (2015). doi: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2015.10.010 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.10.010]
 
  +
*β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations
  +
*Cephamycins (e.g. [[Is treated by::cefoxitin]])
  +
*[[Is treated by::Carbapenems]]
  +
*[[Is treated by::Clindamycin]] (though increasing resistance)
  +
*[[Is treated by::Metronidazole]]
  +
*[[Is treated by::Moxifloxacin]]
  +
*[[Is treated by::Tetracycline]]
   
 
==Further Reading==
[[Category:Microbiology]]
 
  +
[[Category:Bacteria]]
 
 
*Brook I. Spectrum and treatment of anaerobic infections. ''J Infect Chemother'' (2015). doi: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2015.10.010 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.10.010]
  +
 
[[Category:Anaerobes]]

Latest revision as of 10:06, 20 September 2024

Microbiology

  • Colonizes skin and mucosal surfaces
  • Difficult to grow

Organisms

Management

Further Reading