Aeromonas: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 22:06, 7 February 2024

Background

Microbiology

Gram-negative bacillus
Motile, oxidase positive, catalase positive, nitrate positive, urease negative, glucose fermenting
Four species of greatest importance to human health include Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas dhakensis, Aeromonas veronii, and Aeromonas hydrophila
Aeromonas salmonicida causes disease in fish, with case reports in humans

Epidemiology

Live in water environments worldwide (including freshwater, saltwater, and wastewater), but also soil, plants, food, animals
Generally consider opportunistic pathogens

Clinical Manifestations

Classically, causes skin and soft tissue infections following freshwater exposure or injury
Also, gastroenteritis and/or colitis, with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever
Bacteremia, with a mortality of about 30%, more common in malignancy, hepatobiliary disease, and diabetes mellitus
Also reports of respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, and SBP

Management

Generally susceptible to aminoglycosides, piperacillin, third-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, azithromycin, nitrofurantoin, quinolones, tetracyclines
Often susceptible to cotrimoxazole
Not reliably susceptible to penicillins (except piperacillin), clarithromycin, or first- and second-generation cephalosporins
Increasingly resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, with inducible chromosomal beta-lactamases

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+== Background ==
-* Gram-negative bacillus
-* Motile
-* Causes skin and soft tissue infections following freshwater exposure
-* Resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics
+=== Microbiology ===
-{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Aeromonas'' species}}
+*[[Stain::Gram-negative]] [[Shape::bacillus]]
+*Motile, oxidase [[Oxidase::positive]], catalase [[Catalase::positive]], nitrate [[Nitrate::positive]], urease [[Urease::negative]], glucose fermenting
+*Four species of greatest importance to human health include [[Aeromonas caviae]], [[Aeromonas dhakensis]], [[Aeromonas veronii]], and [[Aeromonas hydrophila]]
+*[[Aeromonas salmonicida]] causes disease in fish, with case reports in humans
+=== Epidemiology ===
+*Live in water environments worldwide (including freshwater, saltwater, and wastewater), but also soil, plants, food, animals
+*Generally consider opportunistic pathogens
+== Clinical Manifestations ==
+*Classically, causes skin and soft tissue infections following freshwater exposure or injury
+*Also, [[gastroenteritis]] and/or [[colitis]], with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever
+*Bacteremia, with a mortality of about 30%, more common in malignancy, hepatobiliary disease, and diabetes mellitus
+*Also reports of respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, and [[SBP]]
+== Management ==
+*Generally susceptible to [[aminoglycosides]], [[piperacillin]], [[third-generation cephalosporins]], [[carbapenems]], [[azithromycin]], [[nitrofurantoin]], [[quinolones]], [[tetracyclines]]
+*Often susceptible to [[cotrimoxazole]]
+*Not reliably susceptible to penicillins (except [[piperacillin]]), [[clarithromycin]], or first- and second-generation cephalosporins
+*Increasingly resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, with inducible chromosomal beta-lactamases
+== Further Reading ==
+* The genus ''Aeromonas'': taxonomy, pathogenicity, and infection. ''Clin Microbiol Rev''. 2010 Jan;23(1):35-73. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00039-09 10.1128/CMR.00039-09]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20065325/ 20065325]; PMCID: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2806660/ PMC2806660].{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Aeromonas''}}
 [[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]]