Urease test - Revision history

Aidan: Text replacement - " species]]" to "]]"

2022-01-25T16:43:17Z

Text replacement - " species]]" to "]]"

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:43, 25 January 2022
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	** Positive if the orange-yellow color turns bright pink		** Positive if the orange-yellow color turns bright pink
	* Common urease-positive organisms include		* Common urease-positive organisms include
	** [[Proteus ~~species~~]]		** [[Proteus]]
	** [[Cryptococcus ~~species~~]]		** [[Cryptococcus]]
	** [[Corynebacterium ~~species~~]]		** [[Corynebacterium]]
	** [[Helicobacter pylori]]		** [[Helicobacter pylori]]
	** [[Brucella ~~species~~]]		** [[Brucella]]
	** [[Nocardia ~~species~~]]		** [[Nocardia]]
	** [[Ureaplasma ~~species~~]]		** [[Ureaplasma]]
	* All organisms include: {{#ask: Urease [[Urease::positive]]}}		* All organisms include: {{#ask: Urease [[Urease::positive]]}}

Aidan: Text replacement - "[[Urease::urease-" to "Urease [[Urease::"

2021-08-31T12:39:11Z

Text replacement - "[[Urease::urease-" to "Urease [[Urease::"

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:39, 31 August 2021
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	** [[Nocardia species]]		** [[Nocardia species]]
	** [[Ureaplasma species]]		** [[Ureaplasma species]]
	* All organisms include: {{#ask: [[Urease::~~urease-~~positive]]}}		* All organisms include: {{#ask: Urease [[Urease::positive]]}}

	[[Category:Diagnostics]]		[[Category:Diagnostics]]

Aidan at 19:45, 5 July 2020

2020-07-05T19:45:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:45, 5 July 2020
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	** [[Nocardia species]]		** [[Nocardia species]]
	** [[Ureaplasma species]]		** [[Ureaplasma species]]
	* All organisms include: {#ask: [[Urease::urease-positive]]}		* All organisms include: {{#ask: [[Urease::urease-positive]]}}

	[[Category:Diagnostics]]		[[Category:Diagnostics]]

Aidan at 19:45, 5 July 2020

2020-07-05T19:45:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:45, 5 July 2020
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	** [[Nocardia species]]		** [[Nocardia species]]
	** [[Ureaplasma species]]		** [[Ureaplasma species]]
			* All organisms include: {#ask: [[Urease::urease-positive]]}

	[[Category:Diagnostics]]		[[Category:Diagnostics]]

Aidan: summarized

2019-11-09T15:10:22Z

summarized

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:10, 9 November 2019
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			* Tests for the ability of the bacteria to metabolize urea by using phenol red to detect a pH change from lysis of urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide
	Source: [https://microbeonline.com/ microbeonline.com]
			* Often found in bacteria that cause urinary tract infections

		⚫	* Procedure
	'''Medium used for urease test:''' Any urea medium, agar or broth (It can be a sole medium or part of panel like motility indole urease (MIU) test)
			** Into a tube with urea medium, stab an inoculum of the isolate into the medium then streak the slant

			** Incubate with a loose lid at 35ºC for 24 hours
	'''Indicator used in urease test:''' Phenol red
			** Positive if the orange-yellow color turns bright pink

		⚫	* Common urease-positive organisms include
	'''Color change:'''
		⚫	** [[Proteus species]]

		⚫	** [[Cryptococcus species]]
	* Original: orange yellow color
		⚫	** [[Corynebacterium species]]
	* Final color (in positive test): Bright pink
		⚫	** [[Helicobacter pylori]]

			** [[Brucella species]]
	'''Urease test principle'''
			** [[Nocardia species]]

			** [[Ureaplasma species]]
	Urea is a diamide of carbonic acid. It is hydrolyzed with the release of ammonia and carbon dioxide.

	[[File:https://i0.wp.com/microbeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Urea-150x150.jpg?resize=150%2C150\|Urea]]

	Many organisms especially those that infect the urinary tract, have an urease enzyme which is able to split urea in the presence of water to release ammonia and carbon dioxide. The ammonia combines with carbon dioxide and water to form ammonium carbonate which turns the medium alkaline, turning the indicator phenol red from its original orange yellow color to bright pink.[https://i0.wp.com/microbeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Principle-of-Urease-Test.jpg [[File:https://i0.wp.com/microbeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Principle-of-Urease-Test.jpg?resize=540%2C94\|Principle-of-Urease-Test]]]

⚫	== Procedure ==

	# The broth medium is inoculated with a loopful of a pure culture of the test organism; the surface of the agar slant is streaked with the test organism.
	# Leave the cap on loosely and incubate the test tube at 35 °C in ambient air for 18 to 24 hours; unless specified for longer incubation.

	== Result and Interpretation ==

	Organisms that hydrolyze urea rapidly (e.g. ''Proteus'' spp) may produce positive reactions within 1 or 2 hours; less active species (e.g. ''Klebsiella'' spp) may require 3 or more days. In routine diagnostic laboratories the urease test result is read within 24 hours.

	<ul>
	<li><p>If organism produces urease enzyme, the color of the slant changes from light orange to magenta.</p></li>
	<li><p>If organism do not produce urease the agar slant and butt remain light orange (medium retains original color).</p>
	<p>[https://i0.wp.com/microbeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/urease-test-principle.jpg [[File:https://i0.wp.com/microbeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/urease-test-principle-164x300.jpg?resize=131%2C240\|urease test]]]Urease Test Results</p></li></ul>

	== Diagnostic Utility ==

	# Urease test is used for the presumptive evidence of the presence of [https://microbeonline.com/helicobacter-pylori-tests-results/ ''Helicobacter pylori''] in tissue biopsy material. This is done by placing a portion of crushed tissue biopsy material directly into urease broth. A positive urease test is considered presence of ''Helicobacter pylori''. Commercially available urease agar kits are also available.
	# '''Rapid Urease test''' is can be used to differentiate between the yeasts, '''Candida albicans''' and [https://microbeonline.com/cryptococcus-neoformans-properties-pathogenesis-diseases-lab-diagnosis/ '''Cryptococcus neoformans''']. '''A presumptive identification of C. neoformans may be based on rapid urease production''', whereas ''Candida albicans'' do not.
	# [https://microbeonline.com/urea-breath-test-ubt-h-pylori-principle-procedure-results/ '''Urea breath test:''' ]A common noninvasive test to detect ''Helicobacter pylori''also based on urease activity. This is highly sensitive and specific test.

	=== Urea Breath Test ===

	Patient ingests radioactively labeled (13C or 14C) Urea. If infection is present, the urease produced by ''Helicobacter pylori'' hydrolyzes the urea to form ammonia and labeled bicarbonate that is exhaled as CO2. The labeled CO2 is detected either by a scintillation counter or a special spectrometer.

	== Bacterial Identification ==

	This test can be used as part of the identification of several genera and species of [https://microbeonline.com/seven-common-characteristics-family-enterobacteriaceae/ Enterobacteriaceae ]including ''Proteus and Klebsiella''. It is also useful to identify ''Cryptococcus'' species, [https://microbeonline.com/brucellosis-etiology-pathogenesis-laboratory-diagnosis/ Brucella], ''Helicobacter pylori.''

⚫	~~'''Name~~ of urease positive organisms ~~(Bacteria)'''~~

⚫	# ''Proteus ~~spp''~~
⚫	# ''Cryptococcus'' ~~spp~~
⚫	# ''Corynebacterium'' ~~spp~~
⚫	# ''Helicobacter pylori''
	# ''Brucella'' spp

	'''Note:''' Mneomonics to remember urease positive organisms: '''PUNCH''' (similar mneomonic for oxidase positive organism is PVNCH)

	* '''P: P'''roteus
	* '''U: U'''reaplasma
	* '''N: N'''ocardia
	* '''C: C'''ryptococcus neoformans/Corynebacterium spp
	* '''H: H'''elicobacter pylori

	[[Category:Diagnostics]]		[[Category:Diagnostics]]

Aidan at 12:29, 16 August 2019

2019-08-16T12:29:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:29, 16 August 2019
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			Source: [https://microbeonline.com/ microbeonline.com]
	= Urease test =

	'''Medium used for urease test:''' Any urea medium, agar or broth (It can be a sole medium or part of panel like motility indole urease (MIU) test)		'''Medium used for urease test:''' Any urea medium, agar or broth (It can be a sole medium or part of panel like motility indole urease (MIU) test)
Line 61:		Line 61:
	* '''C: C'''ryptococcus neoformans/Corynebacterium spp		* '''C: C'''ryptococcus neoformans/Corynebacterium spp
	* '''H: H'''elicobacter pylori		* '''H: H'''elicobacter pylori

			[[Category:Diagnostics]]

Aidan: Aidan moved page Urease to Urease test

2019-08-16T12:28:50Z

Aidan moved page Urease to Urease test

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:28, 16 August 2019
(No difference)

Maintenance script: Imported from text file

2019-08-11T17:58:25Z

Imported from text file

New page

= Urease test =

'''Medium used for urease test:''' Any urea medium, agar or broth (It can be a sole medium or part of panel like motility indole urease (MIU) test)

'''Indicator used in urease test:''' Phenol red

'''Color change:'''

* Original: orange yellow color
* Final color (in positive test): Bright pink

'''Urease test principle'''

Urea is a diamide of carbonic acid. It is hydrolyzed with the release of ammonia and carbon dioxide.

[[File:https://i0.wp.com/microbeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Urea-150x150.jpg?resize=150%2C150|Urea]]

Many organisms especially those that infect the urinary tract, have an urease enzyme which is able to split urea in the presence of water to release ammonia and carbon dioxide. The ammonia combines with carbon dioxide and water to form ammonium carbonate which turns the medium alkaline, turning the indicator phenol red from its original orange yellow color to bright pink.[https://i0.wp.com/microbeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Principle-of-Urease-Test.jpg [[File:https://i0.wp.com/microbeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Principle-of-Urease-Test.jpg?resize=540%2C94|Principle-of-Urease-Test]]]

== Procedure ==

# The broth medium is inoculated with a loopful of a pure culture of the test organism; the surface of the agar slant is streaked with the test organism.
# Leave the cap on loosely and incubate the test tube at 35 °C in ambient air for 18 to 24 hours; unless specified for longer incubation.

== Result and Interpretation ==

Organisms that hydrolyze urea rapidly (e.g. ''Proteus'' spp) may produce positive reactions within 1 or 2 hours; less active species (e.g. ''Klebsiella'' spp) may require 3 or more days. In routine diagnostic laboratories the urease test result is read within 24 hours.

<ul>
<li>If organism produces urease enzyme, the color of the slant changes from light orange to magenta.</li>
<li>If organism do not produce urease the agar slant and butt remain light orange (medium retains original color).
[https://i0.wp.com/microbeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/urease-test-principle.jpg [[File:https://i0.wp.com/microbeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/urease-test-principle-164x300.jpg?resize=131%2C240|urease test]]]Urease Test Results</li></ul>

== Diagnostic Utility ==

# Urease test is used for the presumptive evidence of the presence of [https://microbeonline.com/helicobacter-pylori-tests-results/ ''Helicobacter pylori''] in tissue biopsy material. This is done by placing a portion of crushed tissue biopsy material directly into urease broth. A positive urease test is considered presence of ''Helicobacter pylori''. Commercially available urease agar kits are also available.
# '''Rapid Urease test''' is can be used to differentiate between the yeasts, '''Candida albicans''' and [https://microbeonline.com/cryptococcus-neoformans-properties-pathogenesis-diseases-lab-diagnosis/ '''Cryptococcus neoformans''']. '''A presumptive identification of C. neoformans may be based on rapid urease production''', whereas ''Candida albicans'' do not.
# [https://microbeonline.com/urea-breath-test-ubt-h-pylori-principle-procedure-results/ '''Urea breath test:''' ]A common noninvasive test to detect ''Helicobacter pylori''also based on urease activity. This is highly sensitive and specific test.

=== Urea Breath Test ===

Patient ingests radioactively labeled (13C or 14C) Urea. If infection is present, the urease produced by ''Helicobacter pylori'' hydrolyzes the urea to form ammonia and labeled bicarbonate that is exhaled as CO2. The labeled CO2 is detected either by a scintillation counter or a special spectrometer.

== Bacterial Identification ==

This test can be used as part of the identification of several genera and species of [https://microbeonline.com/seven-common-characteristics-family-enterobacteriaceae/ Enterobacteriaceae ]including ''Proteus and Klebsiella''. It is also useful to identify ''Cryptococcus'' species, [https://microbeonline.com/brucellosis-etiology-pathogenesis-laboratory-diagnosis/ Brucella], ''Helicobacter pylori.''

'''Name of urease positive organisms (Bacteria)'''

# ''Proteus spp''
# ''Cryptococcus'' spp
# ''Corynebacterium'' spp
# ''Helicobacter pylori''
# ''Brucella'' spp

'''Note:''' Mneomonics to remember urease positive organisms: '''PUNCH''' (similar mneomonic for oxidase positive organism is PVNCH)

* '''P: P'''roteus
* '''U: U'''reaplasma
* '''N: N'''ocardia
* '''C: C'''ryptococcus neoformans**/C**orynebacterium spp
* '''H: H'''elicobacter pylori