Tests for bacterial motility - Revision history

Aidan: Text replacement - " species]]" to "]]"

2022-01-28T21:13:49Z

Text replacement - " species]]" to "]]"

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:13, 28 January 2022
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	* Wet prep		* Wet prep
	** Put a drop of inoculum in distilled water and check under a microscope		** Put a drop of inoculum in distilled water and check under a microscope
	** Can compare to a drop of peptone water to identify [[Vibrio ~~species~~]] (motile in peptone water, not distilled)		** Can compare to a drop of peptone water to identify [[Vibrio]] (motile in peptone water, not distilled)

	[[Category:Diagnostics]]		[[Category:Diagnostics]]

Aidan: summarized

2019-11-09T14:56:11Z

summarized

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:56, 9 November 2019
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			* Used to detect bacteria that are motile
	Source: [https://microbeonline.com/tests-bacterial-motility-procedure-results/ microbeonline.com]
			* Tube motility

			** Stab an inoculum down into a tube with semisolid agar
	There are a variety of ways to determine motility of a bacterium—biochemical tests as well as microscopic analysis. If fresh culture of bacteria is available, microscopy is the most accurate way to determine bacterial motility and '''‘Hanging drop method’''' is a commonly used microscopic technique.
			** Check at intervals for diffuse, fuzzy growth that appears outside of the stab line

			* Wet prep
	Motile bacteria move about with structures called '''flagella''' (a few exceptional bacteria move with the help of axial filaments, which cannot be seen in the microscope). In semi-solid agar media, motile bacteria ‘swarm’ and give a diffuse spreading growth that is easily recognized by the naked eye.
			** Put a drop of inoculum in distilled water and check under a microscope

			** Can compare to a drop of peptone water to identify [[Vibrio species]] (motile in peptone water, not distilled)
	== Procedure ==

	# Prepare a semisolid agar medium in a test tube.
	# Inoculate with a straight wire, making a single stab down the center of the tube to about half the depth of the medium.
	# Incubate under the conditions favoring motility.
	# Incubate at 37°C
	# Examine at intervals, e.g. after 6 h, and 1 and 2 days ''(depends on generation time of bacteria). Freshly prepared medium containing 1% glucose can be used for motility tests on anaerobes.''

	== Results ==

	Hold the tube up to the light and look at the stab line to determine motility.

	# Non-motile bacteria generally give growths that are confined to the stab-line, have sharply defined margins and leave the surrounding medium clearly transparent.
	# Motile Bacteria: typically give diffuse, hazy growths that spread throughout the medium rendering it slightly opaque.

	[https://i0.wp.com/microbeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Test-for-Bacterial-Motility.png [[File:https://i2.wp.com/microbeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Test-for-Bacterial-Motility-300x210.png?resize=300%2C210\|Test for Bacterial Motility: Center (Non-motile); Corners (Motile)]]]

	Test for Bacterial Motility: Center (Non-motile); Corners (Motile)

	== Laboratory Use ==

	In laboratory Motility testing using semi-solid medium is commonly used for the identification of gram negative bacteria of '''Enterobacteriaceae family.''' Motility testing is done in conjunction with other biochemical testing using special bio-chemical media.

	# Sulfide Indole Motility '''(SIM)''' Medium: It is a semisolid agar used to determine hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production, '''indole formation,''' and '''motility.'''
	# Motility Indole urease '''(MIU)''' test: It is used to determine Motility, indole formation and '''Urease Test.'''

	Motility test is also used for the species differentiation of gram positive cocci, Enterococci. ''Enterococcus faecium'' and ''E. faecalis'' are non-motile, whereas ''E. gallinarum and E. casseliflavus/E. flavescens'' generally are motile.

	'''Note:''' Incorporation of tetrazolium chloride at a final concentration of 0.005% in the medium is helpful. The tetrazolium makes the motility agar much '''easier to read''' for motility. Tetrazolium is colourless in oxidized form, but the '''reduced salt is red''' (occurring as a result of bacterial metabolism) and indicates where bacterial growth has occurred.

	== Specific tests for bacterial motility determination ==

	=== Distilled water motility test ===

	It is a simple and very useful test to differentiate ''Vibrio species'' (gram negative motile curve rod) and ''Aeromonas species'' (gram negative motile rod). Aeromonas species will grow on [https://microbeonline.com/macconkey-agar-mac-composition-preparation-uses-and-colony-characteristics/ '''MacConkey agar'''] and sometimes on [https://microbeonline.com/thiosulfate-citrate-bile-salts-sucrose-tcbs-agarcomposition-uses-colony-characteristics/ '''TCBS'''], producing yellow colonies. Both of them are [https://microbeonline.com/oxidase-test-principle-procedure-and-oxidase-positive-organisms/ '''oxidase''' ]positive.

	'''Procedure:'''

	# Mix a loopful of growth from a nutrient agar subculture in a drop of sterile distilled water on one end of a slide. On the other end of the slide, mix another loopful of growth in a drop of peptone water.
	# Cover each preparation with a cover glass.
	# Examine microscopically using the 40 objective.

	'''Results:''' '''All Vibrio species are immobilized in distilled water but remain motile in peptone water'''. ''Aeromonas'' species remain motile in distilled water and peptone water.

	[[Category:Diagnostics]]		[[Category:Diagnostics]]

Aidan: /* Distilled water motility test */

2019-08-17T21:15:58Z

Distilled water motility test

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:15, 17 August 2019
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	'''Results:''' '''All Vibrio species are immobilized in distilled water but remain motile in peptone water'''. ''Aeromonas'' species remain motile in distilled water and peptone water.		'''Results:''' '''All Vibrio species are immobilized in distilled water but remain motile in peptone water'''. ''Aeromonas'' species remain motile in distilled water and peptone water.

	[[Category:~~Diagnostic tests~~]]		[[Category:Diagnostics]]

Aidan: /* Distilled water motility test */

2019-08-17T21:15:39Z

Distilled water motility test

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:15, 17 August 2019
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	'''Results:''' '''All Vibrio species are immobilized in distilled water but remain motile in peptone water'''. ''Aeromonas'' species remain motile in distilled water and peptone water.		'''Results:''' '''All Vibrio species are immobilized in distilled water but remain motile in peptone water'''. ''Aeromonas'' species remain motile in distilled water and peptone water.

	[[Category:~~Methods~~ ~~in microbiology~~]]		[[Category:Diagnostic tests]]
	[[Category:TODO]]

Aidan at 19:29, 15 August 2019

2019-08-15T19:29:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:29, 15 August 2019
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	Motile bacteria move about with structures called '''flagella''' (a few exceptional bacteria move with the help of axial filaments, which cannot be seen in the microscope). In semi-solid agar media, motile bacteria ‘swarm’ and give a diffuse spreading growth that is easily recognized by the naked eye.		Motile bacteria move about with structures called '''flagella''' (a few exceptional bacteria move with the help of axial filaments, which cannot be seen in the microscope). In semi-solid agar media, motile bacteria ‘swarm’ and give a diffuse spreading growth that is easily recognized by the naked eye.

	= Procedure =		== Procedure ==

	# Prepare a semisolid agar medium in a test tube.		# Prepare a semisolid agar medium in a test tube.
Line 13:		Line 13:
	# Examine at intervals, e.g. after 6 h, and 1 and 2 days ''(depends on generation time of bacteria). Freshly prepared medium containing 1% glucose can be used for motility tests on anaerobes.''		# Examine at intervals, e.g. after 6 h, and 1 and 2 days ''(depends on generation time of bacteria). Freshly prepared medium containing 1% glucose can be used for motility tests on anaerobes.''

	= Results =		== Results ==

	Hold the tube up to the light and look at the stab line to determine motility.		Hold the tube up to the light and look at the stab line to determine motility.
Line 24:		Line 24:
	Test for Bacterial Motility: Center (Non-motile); Corners (Motile)		Test for Bacterial Motility: Center (Non-motile); Corners (Motile)

	= Laboratory Use =		== Laboratory Use ==

	In laboratory Motility testing using semi-solid medium is commonly used for the identification of gram negative bacteria of '''Enterobacteriaceae family.''' Motility testing is done in conjunction with other biochemical testing using special bio-chemical media.		In laboratory Motility testing using semi-solid medium is commonly used for the identification of gram negative bacteria of '''Enterobacteriaceae family.''' Motility testing is done in conjunction with other biochemical testing using special bio-chemical media.
Line 35:		Line 35:
	'''Note:''' Incorporation of tetrazolium chloride at a final concentration of 0.005% in the medium is helpful. The tetrazolium makes the motility agar much '''easier to read''' for motility. Tetrazolium is colourless in oxidized form, but the '''reduced salt is red''' (occurring as a result of bacterial metabolism) and indicates where bacterial growth has occurred.		'''Note:''' Incorporation of tetrazolium chloride at a final concentration of 0.005% in the medium is helpful. The tetrazolium makes the motility agar much '''easier to read''' for motility. Tetrazolium is colourless in oxidized form, but the '''reduced salt is red''' (occurring as a result of bacterial metabolism) and indicates where bacterial growth has occurred.

	= Specific tests for bacterial motility determination =		== Specific tests for bacterial motility determination ==

	== Distilled water motility test ==		=== Distilled water motility test ===

	It is a simple and very useful test to differentiate ''Vibrio species'' (gram negative motile curve rod) and ''Aeromonas species'' (gram negative motile rod). Aeromonas species will grow on [https://microbeonline.com/macconkey-agar-mac-composition-preparation-uses-and-colony-characteristics/ '''MacConkey agar'''] and sometimes on [https://microbeonline.com/thiosulfate-citrate-bile-salts-sucrose-tcbs-agarcomposition-uses-colony-characteristics/ '''TCBS'''], producing yellow colonies. Both of them are [https://microbeonline.com/oxidase-test-principle-procedure-and-oxidase-positive-organisms/ '''oxidase''' ]positive.		It is a simple and very useful test to differentiate ''Vibrio species'' (gram negative motile curve rod) and ''Aeromonas species'' (gram negative motile rod). Aeromonas species will grow on [https://microbeonline.com/macconkey-agar-mac-composition-preparation-uses-and-colony-characteristics/ '''MacConkey agar'''] and sometimes on [https://microbeonline.com/thiosulfate-citrate-bile-salts-sucrose-tcbs-agarcomposition-uses-colony-characteristics/ '''TCBS'''], producing yellow colonies. Both of them are [https://microbeonline.com/oxidase-test-principle-procedure-and-oxidase-positive-organisms/ '''oxidase''' ]positive.
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	[[Category:Methods in microbiology]]		[[Category:Methods in microbiology]]
			[[Category:TODO]]

Aidan at 16:34, 12 August 2019

2019-08-12T16:34:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:34, 12 August 2019
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	Source: [https://microbeonline.com/tests-bacterial-motility-procedure-results/]		Source: [https://microbeonline.com/tests-bacterial-motility-procedure-results/ microbeonline.com]

	There are a variety of ways to determine motility of a bacterium—biochemical tests as well as microscopic analysis. If fresh culture of bacteria is available, microscopy is the most accurate way to determine bacterial motility and '''‘Hanging drop method’''' is a commonly used microscopic technique.		There are a variety of ways to determine motility of a bacterium—biochemical tests as well as microscopic analysis. If fresh culture of bacteria is available, microscopy is the most accurate way to determine bacterial motility and '''‘Hanging drop method’''' is a commonly used microscopic technique.

Aidan at 16:33, 12 August 2019

2019-08-12T16:33:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:33, 12 August 2019
Line 1:		Line 1:
			Source: [https://microbeonline.com/tests-bacterial-motility-procedure-results/]

	There are a variety of ways to determine motility of a bacterium—biochemical tests as well as microscopic analysis. If fresh culture of bacteria is available, microscopy is the most accurate way to determine bacterial motility and '''‘Hanging drop method’''' is a commonly used microscopic technique.		There are a variety of ways to determine motility of a bacterium—biochemical tests as well as microscopic analysis. If fresh culture of bacteria is available, microscopy is the most accurate way to determine bacterial motility and '''‘Hanging drop method’''' is a commonly used microscopic technique.

Aidan: /* Tests for bacterial motility */

2019-08-12T16:32:56Z

Tests for bacterial motility

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:32, 12 August 2019
Line 1:		Line 1:
	= Tests for bacterial motility =

	There are a variety of ways to determine motility of a bacterium—biochemical tests as well as microscopic analysis. If fresh culture of bacteria is available, microscopy is the most accurate way to determine bacterial motility and '''‘Hanging drop method’''' is a commonly used microscopic technique.		There are a variety of ways to determine motility of a bacterium—biochemical tests as well as microscopic analysis. If fresh culture of bacteria is available, microscopy is the most accurate way to determine bacterial motility and '''‘Hanging drop method’''' is a commonly used microscopic technique.

	Motile bacteria move about with structures called '''flagella''' (a few exceptional bacteria move with the help of axial filaments, which cannot be seen in the microscope). In semi-solid agar media, motile bacteria ‘swarm’ and give a diffuse spreading growth that is easily recognized by the naked eye.		Motile bacteria move about with structures called '''flagella''' (a few exceptional bacteria move with the help of axial filaments, which cannot be seen in the microscope). In semi-solid agar media, motile bacteria ‘swarm’ and give a diffuse spreading growth that is easily recognized by the naked eye.

	== Procedure ==		= Procedure =

	# Prepare a semisolid agar medium in a test tube.		# Prepare a semisolid agar medium in a test tube.
Line 13:		Line 11:
	# Examine at intervals, e.g. after 6 h, and 1 and 2 days ''(depends on generation time of bacteria). Freshly prepared medium containing 1% glucose can be used for motility tests on anaerobes.''		# Examine at intervals, e.g. after 6 h, and 1 and 2 days ''(depends on generation time of bacteria). Freshly prepared medium containing 1% glucose can be used for motility tests on anaerobes.''

	== Results ==		= Results =

	Hold the tube up to the light and look at the stab line to determine motility.		Hold the tube up to the light and look at the stab line to determine motility.
Line 24:		Line 22:
	Test for Bacterial Motility: Center (Non-motile); Corners (Motile)		Test for Bacterial Motility: Center (Non-motile); Corners (Motile)

	== Laboratory Use ==		= Laboratory Use =

	In laboratory Motility testing using semi-solid medium is commonly used for the identification of gram negative bacteria of '''Enterobacteriaceae family.''' Motility testing is done in conjunction with other biochemical testing using special bio-chemical media.		In laboratory Motility testing using semi-solid medium is commonly used for the identification of gram negative bacteria of '''Enterobacteriaceae family.''' Motility testing is done in conjunction with other biochemical testing using special bio-chemical media.
Line 35:		Line 33:
	'''Note:''' Incorporation of tetrazolium chloride at a final concentration of 0.005% in the medium is helpful. The tetrazolium makes the motility agar much '''easier to read''' for motility. Tetrazolium is colourless in oxidized form, but the '''reduced salt is red''' (occurring as a result of bacterial metabolism) and indicates where bacterial growth has occurred.		'''Note:''' Incorporation of tetrazolium chloride at a final concentration of 0.005% in the medium is helpful. The tetrazolium makes the motility agar much '''easier to read''' for motility. Tetrazolium is colourless in oxidized form, but the '''reduced salt is red''' (occurring as a result of bacterial metabolism) and indicates where bacterial growth has occurred.

	== Specific tests for bacterial motility determination ==		= Specific tests for bacterial motility determination =

	=== Distilled water motility test ===		== Distilled water motility test ==

	It is a simple and very useful test to differentiate ''Vibrio species'' (gram negative motile curve rod) and ''Aeromonas species'' (gram negative motile rod). Aeromonas species will grow on [https://microbeonline.com/macconkey-agar-mac-composition-preparation-uses-and-colony-characteristics/ '''MacConkey agar'''] and sometimes on [https://microbeonline.com/thiosulfate-citrate-bile-salts-sucrose-tcbs-agarcomposition-uses-colony-characteristics/ '''TCBS'''], producing yellow colonies. Both of them are [https://microbeonline.com/oxidase-test-principle-procedure-and-oxidase-positive-organisms/ '''oxidase''' ]positive.		It is a simple and very useful test to differentiate ''Vibrio species'' (gram negative motile curve rod) and ''Aeromonas species'' (gram negative motile rod). Aeromonas species will grow on [https://microbeonline.com/macconkey-agar-mac-composition-preparation-uses-and-colony-characteristics/ '''MacConkey agar'''] and sometimes on [https://microbeonline.com/thiosulfate-citrate-bile-salts-sucrose-tcbs-agarcomposition-uses-colony-characteristics/ '''TCBS'''], producing yellow colonies. Both of them are [https://microbeonline.com/oxidase-test-principle-procedure-and-oxidase-positive-organisms/ '''oxidase''' ]positive.
Line 48:		Line 46:

	'''Results:''' '''All Vibrio species are immobilized in distilled water but remain motile in peptone water'''. ''Aeromonas'' species remain motile in distilled water and peptone water.		'''Results:''' '''All Vibrio species are immobilized in distilled water but remain motile in peptone water'''. ''Aeromonas'' species remain motile in distilled water and peptone water.

			[[Category:Methods in microbiology]]

Aidan: Aidan moved page Bacterial to Tests for bacterial motility without leaving a redirect

2019-08-12T16:31:59Z

Aidan moved page Bacterial to Tests for bacterial motility without leaving a redirect

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:31, 12 August 2019
(No difference)

Maintenance script: Imported from text file

2019-08-11T17:58:15Z

Imported from text file

New page

= Tests for bacterial motility =

There are a variety of ways to determine motility of a bacterium—biochemical tests as well as microscopic analysis. If fresh culture of bacteria is available, microscopy is the most accurate way to determine bacterial motility and '''‘Hanging drop method’''' is a commonly used microscopic technique.

Motile bacteria move about with structures called '''flagella''' (a few exceptional bacteria move with the help of axial filaments, which cannot be seen in the microscope). In semi-solid agar media, motile bacteria ‘swarm’ and give a diffuse spreading growth that is easily recognized by the naked eye.

== Procedure ==

# Prepare a semisolid agar medium in a test tube.
# Inoculate with a straight wire, making a single stab down the center of the tube to about half the depth of the medium.
# Incubate under the conditions favoring motility.
# Incubate at 37°C
# Examine at intervals, e.g. after 6 h, and 1 and 2 days ''(depends on generation time of bacteria). Freshly prepared medium containing 1% glucose can be used for motility tests on anaerobes.''

== Results ==

Hold the tube up to the light and look at the stab line to determine motility.

# Non-motile bacteria generally give growths that are confined to the stab-line, have sharply defined margins and leave the surrounding medium clearly transparent.
# Motile Bacteria: typically give diffuse, hazy growths that spread throughout the medium rendering it slightly opaque.

[https://i0.wp.com/microbeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Test-for-Bacterial-Motility.png [[File:https://i2.wp.com/microbeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Test-for-Bacterial-Motility-300x210.png?resize=300%2C210|Test for Bacterial Motility: Center (Non-motile); Corners (Motile)]]]

Test for Bacterial Motility: Center (Non-motile); Corners (Motile)

== Laboratory Use ==

In laboratory Motility testing using semi-solid medium is commonly used for the identification of gram negative bacteria of '''Enterobacteriaceae family.''' Motility testing is done in conjunction with other biochemical testing using special bio-chemical media.

# Sulfide Indole Motility '''(SIM)''' Medium: It is a semisolid agar used to determine hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production, '''indole formation,''' and '''motility.'''
# Motility Indole urease '''(MIU)''' test: It is used to determine Motility, indole formation and '''Urease Test.'''

Motility test is also used for the species differentiation of gram positive cocci, Enterococci. ''Enterococcus faecium'' and ''E. faecalis'' are non-motile, whereas ''E. gallinarum and E. casseliflavus/E. flavescens'' generally are motile.

'''Note:''' Incorporation of tetrazolium chloride at a final concentration of 0.005% in the medium is helpful. The tetrazolium makes the motility agar much '''easier to read''' for motility. Tetrazolium is colourless in oxidized form, but the '''reduced salt is red''' (occurring as a result of bacterial metabolism) and indicates where bacterial growth has occurred.

== Specific tests for bacterial motility determination ==

=== Distilled water motility test ===

It is a simple and very useful test to differentiate ''Vibrio species'' (gram negative motile curve rod) and ''Aeromonas species'' (gram negative motile rod). Aeromonas species will grow on [https://microbeonline.com/macconkey-agar-mac-composition-preparation-uses-and-colony-characteristics/ '''MacConkey agar'''] and sometimes on [https://microbeonline.com/thiosulfate-citrate-bile-salts-sucrose-tcbs-agarcomposition-uses-colony-characteristics/ '''TCBS'''], producing yellow colonies. Both of them are [https://microbeonline.com/oxidase-test-principle-procedure-and-oxidase-positive-organisms/ '''oxidase''' ]positive.

'''Procedure:'''

# Mix a loopful of growth from a nutrient agar subculture in a drop of sterile distilled water on one end of a slide. On the other end of the slide, mix another loopful of growth in a drop of peptone water.
# Cover each preparation with a cover glass.
# Examine microscopically using the 40 objective.

'''Results:''' '''All Vibrio species are immobilized in distilled water but remain motile in peptone water'''. ''Aeromonas'' species remain motile in distilled water and peptone water.