Rubella virus - Revision history

Aidan: /* Clinical Manifestations */

2020-08-05T13:53:08Z

Clinical Manifestations

Aidan: Text replacement - "Clinical Presentation" to "Clinical Manifestations"

2020-07-21T05:23:13Z

Text replacement - "Clinical Presentation" to "Clinical Manifestations"

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:23, 21 July 2020
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	** All cases are imported		** All cases are imported

	== Clinical ~~Presentation~~ ==		== Clinical Manifestations ==
	* Incubation period 18 days (range 12 to 23 days)		* Incubation period 18 days (range 12 to 23 days)
	* Benign after birth (postnatal rubella)		* Benign after birth (postnatal rubella)

Aidan: /* Microbiology */

2020-02-09T01:44:50Z

Microbiology

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:44, 9 February 2020
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	== Background ==		== Background ==
	=== Microbiology ===		=== Microbiology ===
	* RNA virus in the ~~Togaviridae~~ family, genus ''Rubivirus''		* RNA virus in the Matonaviridae family, genus ''Rubivirus''
			** Previously in the Togaviridae family

	=== Epidemiology ===		=== Epidemiology ===

Aidan at 01:27, 9 February 2020

2020-02-09T01:27:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:27, 9 February 2020
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	* Also known as German measles		* Also known as German measles
	* Causes fever, rash, ± arthritis		* Causes fever, rash, ± arthritis
	* Mnemonic: "German toga party", "Oct-toga-fest"
	* Congenital syndrome: deafness, cataracts, and CHD		* Congenital syndrome: deafness, cataracts, and CHD

	= ~~Microbiology~~ =		== Background ==
			=== Microbiology ===

	* RNA virus in the Togaviridae family, genus ''Rubivirus''		* RNA virus in the Togaviridae family, genus ''Rubivirus''

	= Epidemiology =		=== Epidemiology ===

	* Seasonal, in spring, if no vaccine		* Seasonal, in spring, if no vaccine
	* Less contaggious than measles, spread by respiratory droplets		* Less contaggious than measles, spread by respiratory droplets
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	** All cases are imported		** All cases are imported

		⚫	== Clinical Presentation ==
	= Pathophysiology =

	*

⚫	= Clinical Presentation =

	* Incubation period 18 days (range 12 to 23 days)		* Incubation period 18 days (range 12 to 23 days)
	* Benign after birth (postnatal rubella)		* Benign after birth (postnatal rubella)
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	* Encephalitis is rare		* Encephalitis is rare

	== Congenital rubella syndrome ==		=== Congenital rubella syndrome ===
			* Refer to [[Congenital rubella]]

	* ''Deafness'', ''cataracts'', glaucoma, congenital heart disease, and mental retardation
	* Low birth weight, thrombocytopenic purpura, organomegaly, meningoencephalitis, retinopathy, PDA, PS, developmental disorders, cryptorchidism, inguinal hernia

⚫	= Diagnosis =

		⚫	== Diagnosis ==
	* Acute and convalescent ELISA serology, or single IgM titre		* Acute and convalescent ELISA serology, or single IgM titre
	* Can do PCR for viral RNA on throat swabs, CSF, or amniotic fluid		* Can do PCR for viral RNA on throat swabs, CSF, or amniotic fluid

	= Management =		== Management ==

	* First trimester infection is more likely to have congenital rubella, rare in third trimester		* First trimester infection is more likely to have congenital rubella, rare in third trimester
	* Confirm vaccination status of the exposed individual, in which case they will be very low risk		* Confirm vaccination status of the exposed individual, in which case they will be very low risk

	= ~~Vaccination~~ =		== Prevention ==

	* Live attenuated vaccine is included in MMR at 12-15 months and 4-6 years		* Live attenuated vaccine is included in MMR at 12-15 months and 4-6 years
	* Vaccine is 95% effective		* Vaccine is 95% effective

Aidan at 23:37, 14 August 2019

2019-08-14T23:37:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:37, 14 August 2019
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	= ~~Rubella~~ ~~virus~~ (German measles~~) =~~		* Also known as German measles
		⚫	* Causes fever, rash, ± arthritis

⚫	* ~~Fever~~, rash, ± arthritis
	* Mnemonic: "German toga party", "Oct-toga-fest"		* Mnemonic: "German toga party", "Oct-toga-fest"
	* Congenital syndrome: deafness, cataracts, and CHD		* Congenital syndrome: deafness, cataracts, and CHD

	== Microbiology ==		= Microbiology =

	* RNA virus in the Togaviridae family, genus ''Rubivirus''		* RNA virus in the Togaviridae family, genus ''Rubivirus''

	== Epidemiology ==		= Epidemiology =

	* Seasonal, in spring, if no vaccine		* Seasonal, in spring, if no vaccine
Line 19:		Line 18:
	** All cases are imported		** All cases are imported

	== Pathophysiology ==		= Pathophysiology =

	*		*

	== Clinical Presentation ==		= Clinical Presentation =

	* Incubation period 18 days (range 12 to 23 days)		* Incubation period 18 days (range 12 to 23 days)
Line 40:		Line 39:
	* Encephalitis is rare		* Encephalitis is rare

	=== Congenital rubella syndrome ===		== Congenital rubella syndrome ==

	* ''Deafness'', ''cataracts'', glaucoma, congenital heart disease, and mental retardation		* ''Deafness'', ''cataracts'', glaucoma, congenital heart disease, and mental retardation
	* Low birth weight, thrombocytopenic purpura, organomegaly, meningoencephalitis, retinopathy, PDA, PS, developmental disorders, cryptorchidism, inguinal hernia		* Low birth weight, thrombocytopenic purpura, organomegaly, meningoencephalitis, retinopathy, PDA, PS, developmental disorders, cryptorchidism, inguinal hernia

	== Diagnosis ==		= Diagnosis =

	* Acute and convalescent ELISA serology, or single IgM titre		* Acute and convalescent ELISA serology, or single IgM titre
	* Can do PCR for viral RNA on throat swabs, CSF, or amniotic fluid		* Can do PCR for viral RNA on throat swabs, CSF, or amniotic fluid

	== Management ==		= Management =

	* First trimester infection is more likely to have congenital rubella, rare in third trimester		* First trimester infection is more likely to have congenital rubella, rare in third trimester
	* Confirm vaccination status of the exposed individual, in which case they will be very low risk		* Confirm vaccination status of the exposed individual, in which case they will be very low risk

	== Vaccination ==		= Vaccination =

	* Live attenuated vaccine is included in MMR at 12-15 months and 4-6 years		* Live attenuated vaccine is included in MMR at 12-15 months and 4-6 years
	* Vaccine is 95% effective		* Vaccine is 95% effective
	* Should revaccinate most young women		* Should revaccinate most young women

			[[Category:Togaviridae]]

Aidan: Aidan moved page RNA Rubella virus to Rubella virus without leaving a redirect

2019-08-14T23:36:40Z

Aidan moved page RNA Rubella virus to Rubella virus without leaving a redirect

← Older revision	Revision as of 23:36, 14 August 2019
(No difference)

Maintenance script: Imported from text file

2019-08-11T18:05:57Z

Imported from text file

New page

= Rubella virus (German measles) =

* Fever, rash, ± arthritis
* Mnemonic: "German toga party", "Oct-toga-fest"
* Congenital syndrome: deafness, cataracts, and CHD

== Microbiology ==

* RNA virus in the Togaviridae family, genus ''Rubivirus''

== Epidemiology ==

* Seasonal, in spring, if no vaccine
* Less contaggious than measles, spread by respiratory droplets
** Most contagious while the rash is erupting, but ranges from 10 days prior to 15 days after
** Infants with congenital rubella can shed it in body fluids for months
* Epidemics happened every 6 to 9 years, with larger epidemics every 30 years
* Worldwide, until it was eliminated in the Americas in 2009
** All cases are imported

== Pathophysiology ==

*

== Clinical Presentation ==

* Incubation period 18 days (range 12 to 23 days)
* Benign after birth (postnatal rubella)
* In adults, prodrome of fever, malaise, and anorexia, followed by the rash
* Rash appears along with development of immunity
** Rash starts at the head and moves down
** Maculopapular
** May desquamate during healing
** May be absent
** Can have Forschheimer's spots (petechial lesions on the soft palate), but not pathognomonic
* Adenopathy can last weeks, primarily posterior auricular, posterior cervical, and suboccipital
* Can develop arthritis in a third, usually fingers, wrists, and knees
** Onset soon after the rash, can take up to a month to resolve
* Hemorrhage from thrombocytopenia and vascular damage, more commonly in children
* Encephalitis is rare

=== Congenital rubella syndrome ===

* ''Deafness'', ''cataracts'', glaucoma, congenital heart disease, and mental retardation
* Low birth weight, thrombocytopenic purpura, organomegaly, meningoencephalitis, retinopathy, PDA, PS, developmental disorders, cryptorchidism, inguinal hernia

== Diagnosis ==

* Acute and convalescent ELISA serology, or single IgM titre
* Can do PCR for viral RNA on throat swabs, CSF, or amniotic fluid

== Management ==

* First trimester infection is more likely to have congenital rubella, rare in third trimester
* Confirm vaccination status of the exposed individual, in which case they will be very low risk

== Vaccination ==

* Live attenuated vaccine is included in MMR at 12-15 months and 4-6 years
* Vaccine is 95% effective
* Should revaccinate most young women