Peripheral blood film - Revision history

Aidan at 17:11, 19 September 2024

2024-09-19T17:11:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:11, 19 September 2024
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	** Neutrophils		** Neutrophils

	[[Category:~~Investigation~~]]		[[Category:Investigations]]
	[[Category:Hematology]]		[[Category:Hematology]]

Aidan: /* Leukocytes */

2024-09-19T14:52:38Z

Leukocytes

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:52, 19 September 2024
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	* Agglutination: suggests IgM, either expected response to infection or autoimmune hemolytic anemia		* Agglutination: suggests IgM, either expected response to infection or autoimmune hemolytic anemia
	* Rouleaux: may be artifact from poor preparaction; otherwise, it is caused by an increase in certain proteins, such as immunoglobulins and fibrinogen, and can be seen in infection (acute or chronic), [[connective tissue disease]], [[chronic liver disease]], and [[myeloma]] and [[macroglobulinemia]]		* [[Rouleaux]]: may be artifact from poor preparaction; otherwise, it is caused by an increase in certain proteins, such as immunoglobulins and fibrinogen, and can be seen in infection (acute or chronic), [[connective tissue disease]], [[chronic liver disease]], and [[myeloma]] and [[macroglobulinemia]], [[paraproteinemia]]

	[[paraproteinemia]]

	=== Morphology ===		=== Morphology ===

	* Anisocytosis: size		* [[Anisocytosis]]: size
	* Poikilocytosis: shape		* [[Poikilocytosis]]: shape
	* Spherocytosis: ~~Hereditary~~ ~~Spherocytosis~~ (HS) or autoimmune hemolytic anemia		* [[Spherocytosis]]: [[hereditary spherocytosis]] (HS) or [[autoimmune hemolytic anemia]]
	* Acanthocytes: irregular cellular projections seen in hyposplenism		* [[Acanthocytes]]: irregular cellular projections seen in [[hyposplenism]]
	* Echinocytes (burr cells): regular cellular projections that is usually artefact		* [[Echinocytes]] (burr cells): regular cellular projections that is usually artefact
	* Bite cells: oxidative stress, like G6PD deficiency		* [[Bite cells]]: oxidative stress, like [[G6PD deficiency]]

	=== Size ===		=== Size ===
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	* [[CLL]]		* [[CLL]]
	** Smudge cells		** [[Smudge cells]]
	** Soccer ball cells		** [[Soccer ball cells]]
	* Reactive changes		* Reactive changes
	** ~~Dohle~~ bodies: diffuse blue dot in cytoplasm		** [[Döhle bodies]]: diffuse blue dot in cytoplasm
			** [[Toxic granulation]]
	** Hypergranulation		** Hypergranulation
	** Vacuolation		** Vacuolation
	* Left shift: increase in		* [[Left shift]]: increase in
	** Promyelocytes		** Promyelocytes
	** Myelocytes		** Myelocytes

Aidan: /* Distribution */

2023-06-08T15:59:36Z

Distribution

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:59, 8 June 2023
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	* Agglutination: suggests IgM, either expected response to infection or autoimmune hemolytic anemia		* Agglutination: suggests IgM, either expected response to infection or autoimmune hemolytic anemia
			* Rouleaux: may be artifact from poor preparaction; otherwise, it is caused by an increase in certain proteins, such as immunoglobulins and fibrinogen, and can be seen in infection (acute or chronic), [[connective tissue disease]], [[chronic liver disease]], and [[myeloma]] and [[macroglobulinemia]]
⚫	* Rouleaux: [[paraproteinemia]]

		⚫	[[paraproteinemia]]

	=== Morphology ===		=== Morphology ===

Aidan at 15:57, 24 October 2021

2021-10-24T15:57:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:57, 24 October 2021
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	=== Size ===		=== Size ===

	* Microcytic red blood cells		* '''Microcytic''' red blood cells
	** [[Iron-deficiency anemia]]		** [[Iron-deficiency anemia]]
	*** Anisopoikilocytosis		*** Anisopoikilocytosis
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	*** Increased reticulocytes		*** Increased reticulocytes
	*** Positive HbH test (in alpha-thal) or Hb electrophoresis (in beta-thal)		*** Positive HbH test (in alpha-thal) or Hb electrophoresis (in beta-thal)
	* Macrocytic red blood cells		* '''Macrocytic''' red blood cells
	** [[Megaloblastic anemia\|Megaloblastic]] with hypersegmented neutrophils		** [[Megaloblastic anemia\|Megaloblastic]] with hypersegmented neutrophils
	*** [[Vitamin B12 deficiency]], [[folate deficiency~~]], medications, and [[myelodysplastic syndrome~~]]		*** [[Vitamin B12 deficiency]] or [[folate deficiency]]
			***[[Myelodysplastic syndrome]]
	** Non-megaloblastic
			***Medications: [[allopurinol]], [[aminosalicylic acid]] (decreased folate), antacids (decreased B12), [[ampicillin]] and other [[penicillins]] (decreased folate), [[azathioprine]], [[capecitabine]], [[chloramphenicol]] (decreased folate), [[cladribine]], [[cytosine arabinoside]] (ara-C), [[erythromycin]] (decreased folate), estrogens (decreased folate), [[fludarabine]], [[fluorouracil]], [[gadolinium]], [[gemcitabine]], histamine H2 blockers (decreased B12), [[hydroxyurea]], [[imatinib]], [[lamivudine]], [[leflunomide]], [[mercaptopurine]], [[metformin]] (decreased folate), [[methotrexate]], [[mycophenolate mofetil]], [[nitrofurantoin]] (decreased folate), [[pentostatin]], [[phenytoin]] (folate), [[primadone]], proton pump inhibitors (decreased B12), [[sunitinib]], [[teriflunomide]], [[tetracyclines]] (decreased folate), [[thioguanine]], [[trimethoprim]], [[zidovudine]]
	*** [[Alcohol]], [[liver disease]], [[hypothyroidism]]
			** Reticulocytosis
			***Hemolytic anemia
			***Medications causing hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency: [[dapsone]], [[methylene blue]], [[nitrofurantoin]], [[pegloticase]], [[primaquine]], [[rasburicase]]
			***Bone marrow recovery after chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplant
			***Increased erythropoiesis following administration of [[erythropoietin]], repletion of iron, [[vitamin B12]], or [[folate]]
			***Recovery from bleeding episode
			**Other
			*** [[Alcohol]]
			***[[Liver disease]]
			***[[Hypothyroidism]]
			***[[HIV]]
			***Medications: [[triamterene]], [[valproic acid]]

	== Leukocytes ==		== Leukocytes ==

Aidan: Aidan moved page Peripheral blood film interpretation to Peripheral blood film without leaving a redirect

2021-10-23T14:16:11Z

Aidan moved page Peripheral blood film interpretation to Peripheral blood film without leaving a redirect

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:16, 23 October 2021
(No difference)

Aidan: /* Size */

2021-10-23T14:15:58Z

Size

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:15, 23 October 2021
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	== Erythrocytes ~~(RBCs)~~ ==		== Erythrocytes ==

	=== Distribution ===		=== Distribution ===

	* Agglutination: suggests IgM, either expected response to infection or autoimmune hemolytic anemia		* Agglutination: suggests IgM, either expected response to infection or autoimmune hemolytic anemia
	* Rouleaux: paraproteinemia		* Rouleaux: [[paraproteinemia]]

	=== Morphology ===		=== Morphology ===
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	=== Size ===		=== Size ===

	* Microcytic		* Microcytic red blood cells
	** Iron-deficiency anemia		** [[Iron-deficiency anemia]]
	*** Anisopoikilocytosis		*** Anisopoikilocytosis
	*** Target cells		*** Target cells
	*** Increased RDW		*** Increased RDW
	*** Increased platelets		*** Increased platelets
	** Thalassemia		** [[Thalassemia]]
	*** Basophilic stippling		*** Basophilic stippling
	*** Increased RBC count to greater than 3x Hgb		*** Increased RBC count to greater than 3x Hgb
	*** Increased reticulocytes		*** Increased reticulocytes
	*** Positive HbH test (in alpha-thal) or Hb electrophoresis (in beta-thal)		*** Positive HbH test (in alpha-thal) or Hb electrophoresis (in beta-thal)
			* Macrocytic red blood cells
	* Macrocytosis
	** Megaloblastic with hypersegmented neutrophils		** [[Megaloblastic anemia\|Megaloblastic]] with hypersegmented neutrophils
	*** Vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency, medications, and myelodysplastic syndrome		*** [[Vitamin B12 deficiency]], [[folate deficiency]], medications, and [[myelodysplastic syndrome]]
	** Non-megaloblastic		** Non-megaloblastic
	*** Alcohol, liver disease, hypothyroidism		*** [[Alcohol]], [[liver disease]], [[hypothyroidism]]

	== Leukocytes ~~(WBCs)~~ ==		== Leukocytes ==

	* CLL		* [[CLL]]
	** Smudge cells		** Smudge cells
	** Soccer ball cells		** Soccer ball cells

Maintenance script: Imported from text file

2020-07-04T01:17:50Z

Imported from text file

New page

== Erythrocytes (RBCs) ==

=== Distribution ===

* Agglutination: suggests IgM, either expected response to infection or autoimmune hemolytic anemia
* Rouleaux: paraproteinemia

=== Morphology ===

* Anisocytosis: size
* Poikilocytosis: shape
* Spherocytosis: Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS) or autoimmune hemolytic anemia
* Acanthocytes: irregular cellular projections seen in hyposplenism
* Echinocytes (burr cells): regular cellular projections that is usually artefact
* Bite cells: oxidative stress, like G6PD deficiency

=== Size ===

* Microcytic
** Iron-deficiency anemia
*** Anisopoikilocytosis
*** Target cells
*** Increased RDW
*** Increased platelets
** Thalassemia
*** Basophilic stippling
*** Increased RBC count to greater than 3x Hgb
*** Increased reticulocytes
*** Positive HbH test (in alpha-thal) or Hb electrophoresis (in beta-thal)
* Macrocytosis
** Megaloblastic with hypersegmented neutrophils
*** Vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency, medications, and myelodysplastic syndrome
** Non-megaloblastic
*** Alcohol, liver disease, hypothyroidism

== Leukocytes (WBCs) ==

* CLL
** Smudge cells
** Soccer ball cells
* Reactive changes
** Dohle bodies: diffuse blue dot in cytoplasm
** Hypergranulation
** Vacuolation
* Left shift: increase in
** Promyelocytes
** Myelocytes
** Metamyelocytes
** Bands
** Neutrophils

[[Category:Investigation]]
[[Category:Hematology]]