Mycobacterium chimaera - Revision history

Aidan at 15:18, 27 January 2026

2026-01-27T15:18:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:18, 27 January 2026
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	*No specific guidelines exist for treatment		*No specific guidelines exist for treatment
	*Typically use a MAC regimen with [[Is treated by::azithromycin]], [[Is treated by::ethambutol]], and [[Is treated by::rifampin]]		*Typically use a MAC regimen with [[Is treated by::azithromycin]], [[Is treated by::ethambutol]], and [[Is treated by::rifampin]]
	*May need additional aminoglycoside such as [[Is ~~treaed~~ by::amikacin]] for severe disease		*May need additional aminoglycoside such as [[Is treated by::amikacin]] for severe disease
	*Duration unclear, but at least several months		*Duration unclear, but at least several months

Aidan: /* Prognosis */

2020-09-08T00:15:57Z

Prognosis

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:15, 8 September 2020
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	==Background==		==Background==
	===Microbiology===		===Microbiology===

	* A member of the [[Mycobacterium avium complex]]		*A member of the [[Mycobacterium avium complex]]

	===Epidemiology===		===Epidemiology===

	* A global outbreak of ''Mycobacterium chimaera'' infections was associated with point-source contamination of Stöckert 3T-HCD heater-cooler units (HCUs) used in cardiac bypass		*A global outbreak of ''Mycobacterium chimaera'' infections was associated with point-source contamination of Stöckert 3T-HCD heater-cooler units (HCUs) used in cardiac bypass
	* Higher rates in mainland Europe, followed by UK, followed by North America		*Higher rates in mainland Europe, followed by UK, followed by North America

	===Pathophysiology===		===Pathophysiology===

	* The HCUs aerosolized mycobacteria into the surgical field		*The HCUs aerosolized mycobacteria into the surgical field

	==Clinical Manifestations==		==Clinical Manifestations==

	* Median incubation period was [[Usual incubation period::14.5 months]] (range [[Incubation period range::6 weeks to 5 years]]), with 80% of patients becoming unwell during the first two years		*Median incubation period was [[Usual incubation period::14.5 months]] (range [[Incubation period range::6 weeks to 5 years]]), with 80% of patients becoming unwell during the first two years
	* Duration of symptoms median 7 weeks but up to 1 year		*Duration of symptoms median 7 weeks but up to 1 year
	* Most commonly presented with unexplained fever		*Most commonly presented with unexplained fever
	* Constitutional symptoms are common		*Constitutional symptoms are common
	* Caused prosthetic valve endocarditis, aortic graft infection, surgical site infections, and disseminated disease affecting liver, spleen, bone marrow, spine, skin, and bone		*Caused prosthetic valve endocarditis, aortic graft infection, surgical site infections, and disseminated disease affecting liver, spleen, bone marrow, spine, skin, and bone
	* Lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia are common, as is elevated ALP		*Lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia are common, as is elevated ALP

	==Diagnosis==		==Diagnosis==

	* Culture in general has sensitivity of 68% but increases to essentially 100% with two cultures		*Culture in general has sensitivity of 68% but increases to essentially 100% with two cultures
	** Blood, urine, sputum, tissue, et cetera		**Blood, urine, sputum, tissue, et cetera
	* Two blood cultures are about 76% sensitive		*Two blood cultures are about 76% sensitive

	==Management==		==Management==

	* No specific guidelines exist for treatment		*No specific guidelines exist for treatment
	* Typically use a MAC regimen with [[Is treated by::azithromycin]], [[Is treated by::ethambutol]], and [[Is treated by::rifampin]]		*Typically use a MAC regimen with [[Is treated by::azithromycin]], [[Is treated by::ethambutol]], and [[Is treated by::rifampin]]
	* May need additional aminoglycoside such as [[Is treaed by::amikacin]] for severe disease		*May need additional aminoglycoside such as [[Is treaed by::amikacin]] for severe disease
	* Duration unclear, but at least several months		*Duration unclear, but at least several months

	==Prognosis==		==Prognosis==

	* Poor prognosis, with median survival ~~of30~~ months from initial surgery and 9 months from start of therapy		*Poor prognosis, with median survival of 30 months from initial surgery and 9 months from start of therapy

	==Further Reading==		==Further Reading==

	* ''Mycobacterium chimaera'' infection following cardiac surgery in the United Kingdom: clinical features and outcome of the first 30 cases. ''Clin Microbiol Infect''. 2018. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2018.04.027 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.04.027]		*''Mycobacterium chimaera'' infection following cardiac surgery in the United Kingdom: clinical features and outcome of the first 30 cases. ''Clin Microbiol Infect''. 2018. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2018.04.027 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.04.027]

	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Mycobacterium chimaera''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Mycobacterium chimaera''}}

Aidan at 19:55, 20 August 2020

2020-08-20T19:55:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:55, 20 August 2020
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Mycobacterium chimaera''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Mycobacterium chimaera''}}
	[[Category:~~Mycobacteria~~]]		[[Category:Non-tuberculous mycobacteria]]

Aidan: /* Clinical Manifestations */

2020-08-05T13:51:41Z

Clinical Manifestations

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:51, 5 August 2020
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	==Clinical Manifestations==		==Clinical Manifestations==
	* Median incubation period was 14.5 months (range 6 weeks to 5 years), with 80% of patients becoming unwell during the first two years		* Median incubation period was [[Usual incubation period::14.5 months]] (range [[Incubation period range::6 weeks to 5 years]]), with 80% of patients becoming unwell during the first two years
	* Duration of symptoms median 7 weeks but up to 1 year		* Duration of symptoms median 7 weeks but up to 1 year
	* Most commonly presented with unexplained fever		* Most commonly presented with unexplained fever

Aidan: Text replacement - "Clinical Presentation" to "Clinical Manifestations"

2020-07-19T17:07:05Z

Text replacement - "Clinical Presentation" to "Clinical Manifestations"

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:07, 19 July 2020
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	* The HCUs aerosolized mycobacteria into the surgical field		* The HCUs aerosolized mycobacteria into the surgical field

	==Clinical ~~Presentation~~==		==Clinical Manifestations==
	* Median incubation period was 14.5 months (range 6 weeks to 5 years), with 80% of patients becoming unwell during the first two years		* Median incubation period was 14.5 months (range 6 weeks to 5 years), with 80% of patients becoming unwell during the first two years
	* Duration of symptoms median 7 weeks but up to 1 year		* Duration of symptoms median 7 weeks but up to 1 year

Aidan: Created page with "==Background== ===Microbiology=== * A member of the Mycobacterium avium complex ===Epidemiology=== * A global outbreak of ''Mycobacterium chimaera'' infections was associ..."

2020-06-20T18:06:07Z

Created page with "==Background== ===Microbiology=== * A member of the Mycobacterium avium complex ===Epidemiology=== * A global outbreak of ''Mycobacterium chimaera'' infections was associ..."

New page

==Background==
===Microbiology===
* A member of the [[Mycobacterium avium complex]]

===Epidemiology===
* A global outbreak of ''Mycobacterium chimaera'' infections was associated with point-source contamination of Stöckert 3T-HCD heater-cooler units (HCUs) used in cardiac bypass
* Higher rates in mainland Europe, followed by UK, followed by North America

===Pathophysiology===
* The HCUs aerosolized mycobacteria into the surgical field

==Clinical Presentation==
* Median incubation period was 14.5 months (range 6 weeks to 5 years), with 80% of patients becoming unwell during the first two years
* Duration of symptoms median 7 weeks but up to 1 year
* Most commonly presented with unexplained fever
* Constitutional symptoms are common
* Caused prosthetic valve endocarditis, aortic graft infection, surgical site infections, and disseminated disease affecting liver, spleen, bone marrow, spine, skin, and bone
* Lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia are common, as is elevated ALP

==Diagnosis==
* Culture in general has sensitivity of 68% but increases to essentially 100% with two cultures
** Blood, urine, sputum, tissue, et cetera
* Two blood cultures are about 76% sensitive

==Management==
* No specific guidelines exist for treatment
* Typically use a MAC regimen with [[Is treated by::azithromycin]], [[Is treated by::ethambutol]], and [[Is treated by::rifampin]]
* May need additional aminoglycoside such as [[Is treaed by::amikacin]] for severe disease
* Duration unclear, but at least several months

==Prognosis==
* Poor prognosis, with median survival of30 months from initial surgery and 9 months from start of therapy

==Further Reading==
* ''Mycobacterium chimaera'' infection following cardiac surgery in the United Kingdom: clinical features and outcome of the first 30 cases. ''Clin Microbiol Infect''. 2018. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2018.04.027 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.04.027]

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Mycobacterium chimaera''}}
[[Category:Mycobacteria]]