Infective endocarditis - Revision history

Aidan at 18:16, 19 September 2024

2024-09-19T18:16:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:16, 19 September 2024
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	=== Early Oral Therapy ===		=== Early Oral Therapy ===

	* The [https://www.wikijournalclub.org/wiki/POET POET study] showed non-inferiority of early oral antibiotics (after 7 to 10 days of IV antibiotics) compared to traditional IV antibiotics for the treatment of left-sided endocarditis<ref>Iversen K, Ihlemann N, Gill SU, Madsen T, Elming H, Jensen KT, Bruun NE, Høfsten DE, Fursted K, Christensen JJ, Schultz M, Klein CF, Fosbøll EL, Rosenvinge F, Schønheyder HC, Køber L, Torp-Pedersen C, Helweg-Larsen J, Tønder N, Moser C, Bundgaard H. Partial Oral versus Intravenous Antibiotic Treatment of Endocarditis. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jan 31;380(5):~~415-424. doi~~: ~~10.1056/NEJMoa1808312. Epub 2018 Aug 28. PMID: 30152252.</ref>~~		* The [https://www.wikijournalclub.org/wiki/POET POET study] showed non-inferiority of early oral antibiotics (after 7 to 10 days of IV antibiotics) compared to traditional IV antibiotics for the treatment of left-sided endocarditis[[CiteRef::iversen2019pa]]
	** No patient had [[MRSA]]		** No patient had [[MRSA]]
	** All oral therapies included two antibiotics to which the isolate was susceptible		** All oral therapies included two antibiotics to which the isolate was susceptible
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	** [[Moxifloxacin]] 400 mg p.o. daily		** [[Moxifloxacin]] 400 mg p.o. daily
	** [[Rifampin]] 600 mg p.o. twice daily		** [[Rifampin]] 600 mg p.o. twice daily
	* A retrospective cohort study of people who inject drugs confirmed that these findings are likely generalizable to PWID<ref>John A Wildenthal, B.S, Andrew Atkinson, PhD, Sophia Lewis, MD PhD, Sena Sayood, MD, Nathanial S Nolan, MD MPH, Nicolo L Cabrera, MD, Jonas Marschall, MD, Michael J Durkin, MD MPH, Laura R Marks, MD PhD, Outcomes of Partial Oral Antibiotic Treatment for Complicated ''S. aureus'' Bacteremia in People Who Inject Drugs, ''Clinical Infectious Diseases'', 2022;, ciac714, https:~~//doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac714</ref>~~		* A retrospective cohort study of people who inject drugs confirmed that these findings are likely generalizable to PWID[[CiteRef::wildenthal2022ou]]
	** Details of the regimens are not available, but included primarily [[doxycycline]], [[TMP-SMX]], and [[linezolid]], as well as some beta-lactams, either as monotherapy or as combination therapy		** Details of the regimens are not available, but included primarily [[doxycycline]], [[TMP-SMX]], and [[linezolid]], as well as some beta-lactams, either as monotherapy or as combination therapy
			* Another cohort study has shown that it can be effectively operationalized[[CiteRef::freling2023re]]
	* Another cohort study has shown that it can be effectively operationalized<ref>Freling S, Wald-Dickler N, Banerjee J, Canamar CP, Tangpraphaphorn S, Bruce D, Davar K, Dominguez F, Norwitz D, Krishnamurthi G, Fung L, Guanzon A, Minejima E, Spellberg M, Spellberg C, Baden R, Holtom P, Spellberg B. Real-world Application of Oral Therapy for Infective Endocarditis: A Multicenter Retrospective, Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Mar 7:ciad119. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad119 10.1093/cid/ciad119]. Epub ahead of print. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36881940/ 36881940].</ref>
	** Indications for step-down to oral therapy, which could take from a few days to a few weeks:		** Indications for step-down to oral therapy, which could take from a few days to a few weeks:
	*** Clinically stable with no indication for cardiac surgery		*** Clinically stable with no indication for cardiac surgery

Aidan: links

2023-03-09T15:36:02Z

links

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:36, 9 March 2023
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	*** An appropriate oral antibiotic was available, based on in vitro susceptibility testing and published clinical data		*** An appropriate oral antibiotic was available, based on in vitro susceptibility testing and published clinical data
	** Recommended oral antibiotics:		** Recommended oral antibiotics:
	*** Amoxicillin 1 g p.o. every 6 hours		*** [[Amoxicillin]] 1 g p.o. every 6 hours
	*** Co-trimoxazole 960 mg/4800 mg p.o. total daily dose, divided		*** [[Co-trimoxazole]] 960 mg/4800 mg p.o. total daily dose, divided
	*** Dicloxacillin 1 g p.o. q6h		*** [[Dicloxacillin]] 1 g p.o. q6h
	*** Levofloxacin 750 mg p.o. daily		*** [[Levofloxacin]] 750 mg p.o. daily
	*** Linezolid 600 mg p.o. twice daily		*** [[Linezolid]] 600 mg p.o. twice daily
	*** Moxifloxacin 400 mg p.o. daily		*** [[Moxifloxacin]] 400 mg p.o. daily
	*** Rifampin 600 mg p.o. daily; preferred as second agent in prosthetic valve endocarditis		*** [[Rifampin]] 600 mg p.o. daily; preferred as second agent in prosthetic valve endocarditis
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!Organism		!Organism
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	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="4" \|Penicillin-susceptible streptococci (MIC <= 0.12)		\| rowspan="4" \|Penicillin-susceptible streptococci (MIC <= 0.12)
	\|amoxicillin alone (native valve only)		\|[[amoxicillin]] alone (native valve only)
	\|-		\|-
	\|amoxicillin + rifampin		\|[[amoxicillin]] + [[rifampin]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|linezolid +/- rifampin		\|[[linezolid]] +/- [[rifampin]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|moxifloxacin + (rifampin or linezolid)		\|[[moxifloxacin]] + ([[rifampin]] or [[linezolid]])
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="3" \|Penicillin-intermediate streptococci (MIC 0.25-1) or enterococci		\| rowspan="3" \|Penicillin-intermediate streptococci (MIC 0.25-1) or enterococci
	\|amoxicillin + (rifampin or linezolid)		\|[[amoxicillin]] + ([[rifampin]] or [[linezolid]])
	\|-		\|-
	\|linezolid +/- rifampin		\|[[linezolid]] +/- [[rifampin]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|moxifloxacin + rifampin		\|[[moxifloxacin]] + [[rifampin]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="4" \|MSSA		\| rowspan="4" \|MSSA
	\|levofloxacin + (rifampin or linezolid)		\|[[levofloxacin]] + ([[rifampin]] or [[linezolid]])
	\|-		\|-
	\|linezolid +/- rifampin		\|[[linezolid]] +/- [[rifampin]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|co-trimoxazole		\|[[co-trimoxazole]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|dicloxacillin + rifampin		\|[[dicloxacillin]] + [[rifampin]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="3" \|MRSA and CoNS		\| rowspan="3" \|MRSA and CoNS
	\|levofloxacin + (rifampin or linezolid)		\|[[levofloxacin]] + ([[rifampin]] or [[linezolid]])
	\|-		\|-
	\|linezolid +/- rifampin		\|[[linezolid]] +/- [[rifampin]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|co-trimoxazole		\|[[co-trimoxazole]]
	\|}		\|}

Aidan: added new oral data

2023-03-09T14:22:03Z

added new oral data

@@ Line 427: / Line 427: @@
 * A retrospective cohort study of people who inject drugs confirmed that these findings are likely generalizable to PWID<ref>John A Wildenthal, B.S, Andrew Atkinson, PhD, Sophia Lewis, MD PhD, Sena Sayood, MD, Nathanial S Nolan, MD MPH, Nicolo L Cabrera, MD, Jonas Marschall, MD, Michael J Durkin, MD MPH, Laura R Marks, MD PhD, Outcomes of Partial Oral Antibiotic Treatment for Complicated ''S. aureus'' Bacteremia in People Who Inject Drugs, ''Clinical Infectious Diseases'', 2022;, ciac714, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac714</ref>
 ** Details of the regimens are not available, but included primarily [[doxycycline]], [[TMP-SMX]], and [[linezolid]], as well as some beta-lactams, either as monotherapy or as combination therapy
 ==Prevention==

Aidan: /* Indications for Surgery */

2022-10-26T16:10:57Z

Indications for Surgery

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:10, 26 October 2022
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	\|}		\|}

	===Indications for Surgery===		===Indications for Early Surgery===

	*Early valve surgery (that is, before discharge and completion of antibiotics) is recommended in some scenarios		*Early valve surgery (that is, before discharge and completion of antibiotics) is recommended in some scenarios

Aidan: Text replacement - ">=" to "≥"

2022-09-30T15:31:08Z

Text replacement - ">=" to "≥"

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:31, 30 September 2022
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	** [[Enterococcus faecalis]]: [[amoxicillin]] plus [[rifampin]], or [[linezolid]] plus ([[rifampin]] or [[moxifloxacin]])		** [[Enterococcus faecalis]]: [[amoxicillin]] plus [[rifampin]], or [[linezolid]] plus ([[rifampin]] or [[moxifloxacin]])
	** Penicillin-susceptible [[streptococci]] (MIC <1): [[amoxicillin]] plus [[rifampin]], or [[linezolid]] plus ([[rifampin]] or [[moxifloxacin]])		** Penicillin-susceptible [[streptococci]] (MIC <1): [[amoxicillin]] plus [[rifampin]], or [[linezolid]] plus ([[rifampin]] or [[moxifloxacin]])
	** Penicillin-resistant [[streptococci]] (MIC ~~>=1~~): [[linezolid]] plus [[rifampin]], or [[moxifloxacin]] plus ([[rifampin]] or [[clindamycin]])		** Penicillin-resistant [[streptococci]] (MIC ≥1): [[linezolid]] plus [[rifampin]], or [[moxifloxacin]] plus ([[rifampin]] or [[clindamycin]])
	* Doses were:		* Doses were:
	** [[Amoxicillin]] 1 g p.o. four times daily		** [[Amoxicillin]] 1 g p.o. four times daily

Aidan: /* Prevention */ formatting

2022-09-06T16:57:35Z

Prevention: formatting

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:57, 6 September 2022
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	*Prophylaxis is recommended for high-risk patients who are undergoing higher-risk procedures		*Prophylaxis is recommended for high-risk patients who are undergoing higher-risk procedures
			**High-risk patients include:
	*Patient characteristics
	**Prosthetic heart valve		***Prosthetic heart valve
	**Previous infective endocarditis		***Previous infective endocarditis
	**Unrepaired cyanotic congenital heart disease, or repaired within the past six months with prosthetic material in situ, or repaired with residual defect and with material in situ		***Unrepaired cyanotic congenital heart disease, or repaired within the past six months with prosthetic material in situ, or repaired with residual defect and with material in situ
	**Cardiac transplantation with valvulopathy		***Cardiac transplantation with valvulopathy
			**High-risk procedures include:
	*Procedures
	**Dental procedures with manipulation of the gingiva or periapical region of teeth, perforation of mucosa		***Dental procedures with manipulation of the gingiva or periapical region of teeth, perforation of mucosa
	***This includes professional cleaning procedures		****This includes professional cleaning procedures
	**Procedures involving incision of respiratory mucosa, including tonsillectomy and bronchoscopic biopsy		***Procedures involving incision of respiratory mucosa, including tonsillectomy and bronchoscopic biopsy
	**Procedures on infected tissue (skin, bone, joint, etc)		***Procedures on infected tissue (skin, bone, joint, etc)
			*Antibiotic options are:
	*Options
	**[[Amoxicillin]] 2 g PO once, 30-60 minutes prior to procedure		**[[Amoxicillin]] 2 g PO once, 30-60 minutes prior to procedure
	**If allergy: [[clindamycin]] 600 mg PO once, 30-60 minutes prior to procedure		**If allergy: [[clindamycin]] 600 mg PO once, 30-60 minutes prior to procedure

Aidan: /* Early Oral Therapy */

2022-09-06T16:55:48Z

Early Oral Therapy

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:55, 6 September 2022
Line 425:		Line 425:
	** [[Moxifloxacin]] 400 mg p.o. daily		** [[Moxifloxacin]] 400 mg p.o. daily
	** [[Rifampin]] 600 mg p.o. twice daily		** [[Rifampin]] 600 mg p.o. twice daily
			* A retrospective cohort study of people who inject drugs confirmed that these findings are likely generalizable to PWID<ref>John A Wildenthal, B.S, Andrew Atkinson, PhD, Sophia Lewis, MD PhD, Sena Sayood, MD, Nathanial S Nolan, MD MPH, Nicolo L Cabrera, MD, Jonas Marschall, MD, Michael J Durkin, MD MPH, Laura R Marks, MD PhD, Outcomes of Partial Oral Antibiotic Treatment for Complicated ''S. aureus'' Bacteremia in People Who Inject Drugs, ''Clinical Infectious Diseases'', 2022;, ciac714, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac714</ref>
			** Details of the regimens are not available, but included primarily [[doxycycline]], [[TMP-SMX]], and [[linezolid]], as well as some beta-lactams, either as monotherapy or as combination therapy

	==Prevention==		==Prevention==

Aidan: /* Early Oral Therapy */

2022-09-01T12:49:08Z

Early Oral Therapy

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:49, 1 September 2022
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	** [[Amoxicillin]] 1 g p.o. four times daily		** [[Amoxicillin]] 1 g p.o. four times daily
	** [[Clindamycin]] 600 mg p.o. three times daily		** [[Clindamycin]] 600 mg p.o. three times daily
			** [[Dicloxacillin]] 1 g p.o. q6h
	** [[Fusidic acid]] 750 mg p.o. twice daily		** [[Fusidic acid]] 750 mg p.o. twice daily
	** [[Linezolid]] 600 mg p.o. twice daily		** [[Linezolid]] 600 mg p.o. twice daily

Aidan: added link for ESC 2015 criteria

2022-08-30T18:05:07Z

added link for ESC 2015 criteria

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:05, 30 August 2022
Line 65:		Line 65:

	*Based on a combination of clinical exam, laboratory investigations, and ultrasound		*Based on a combination of clinical exam, laboratory investigations, and ultrasound
	**Refer to [[Modified Duke criteria]]		**Refer to [[Modified Duke criteria]] or [[ESC 2015 modified criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis]]
	**[[C-reactive protein]] is fairly sensitive, while [[rheumatoid factor]] is fairly specific and decreases with treatment		**[[C-reactive protein]] is fairly sensitive, while [[rheumatoid factor]] is fairly specific and decreases with treatment
	*FDG-PET cardiac imaging is a new imaging modality		*FDG-PET cardiac imaging is a new imaging modality

Aidan at 16:53, 22 July 2022

2022-07-22T16:53:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:53, 22 July 2022
Line 407:		Line 407:
	=== Early Oral Therapy ===		=== Early Oral Therapy ===

	* The [https://www.wikijournalclub.org/wiki/POET POET study] showed non-inferiority of early oral antibiotics (after 7 to 10 days of IV antibiotics) compared to traditional IV antibiotics for the treatment of left-sided endocarditis		* The [https://www.wikijournalclub.org/wiki/POET POET study] showed non-inferiority of early oral antibiotics (after 7 to 10 days of IV antibiotics) compared to traditional IV antibiotics for the treatment of left-sided endocarditis<ref>Iversen K, Ihlemann N, Gill SU, Madsen T, Elming H, Jensen KT, Bruun NE, Høfsten DE, Fursted K, Christensen JJ, Schultz M, Klein CF, Fosbøll EL, Rosenvinge F, Schønheyder HC, Køber L, Torp-Pedersen C, Helweg-Larsen J, Tønder N, Moser C, Bundgaard H. Partial Oral versus Intravenous Antibiotic Treatment of Endocarditis. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jan 31;380(5):415-424. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1808312. Epub 2018 Aug 28. PMID: 30152252.</ref>
	** No patient had [[MRSA]]		** No patient had [[MRSA]]
	** All oral therapies included two antibiotics to which the isolate was susceptible		** All oral therapies included two antibiotics to which the isolate was susceptible