Indole test - Revision history

Aidan: Text replacement - " species]]" to "]]"

2022-02-08T02:55:04Z

Text replacement - " species]]" to "]]"

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:55, 8 February 2022
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	**The spot test is quick, testing for indole reacting with cinnamaldehyde to give a '''blue-green''' colour within 30 seconds		**The spot test is quick, testing for indole reacting with cinnamaldehyde to give a '''blue-green''' colour within 30 seconds
	*Helps to differentiate species within the ''Enterobacteriaciae''		*Helps to differentiate species within the ''Enterobacteriaciae''
	**Most strains of [[Escherichia coli]], [[Proteus vulgaris]], [[Morganella morganii]] and [[Providencia ~~species~~]] are indole-positive		**Most strains of [[Escherichia coli]], [[Proteus vulgaris]], [[Morganella morganii]] and [[Providencia]] are indole-positive
	**Specifically can help identify species within a genus:		**Specifically can help identify species within a genus:
	***[[Klebsiella ~~species~~]]: [[Klebs‪iella oxytoca]] is indole-positive whereas [[Klebsiella pneumoniae]] and [[Klebsiella aerogenes]] are indole-negative		***[[Klebsiella]]: [[Klebs‪iella oxytoca]] is indole-positive whereas [[Klebsiella pneumoniae]] and [[Klebsiella aerogenes]] are indole-negative
	***[[Citrobacter ~~species~~]]: [[Citrobacter koseri]] is indole-positive where as [[Citrobacter freundii]] is indole-negative		***[[Citrobacter]]: [[Citrobacter koseri]] is indole-positive where as [[Citrobacter freundii]] is indole-negative
	***[[Proteus ~~species~~]]: [[Proteus vulgaris]] is indole-positive whereas [[Proteus mirabilis]] is indole-negative		***[[Proteus]]: [[Proteus vulgaris]] is indole-positive whereas [[Proteus mirabilis]] is indole-negative
	**Notable indole-negative species include [[Salmonella ~~species~~]], [[Hafnia ~~species~~]], [[Enterobacter ~~species~~]]		**Notable indole-negative species include [[Salmonella]], [[Hafnia]], [[Enterobacter]]
	**[[Yersinia enterocolitica]] and some [[Shigella ~~species~~]] are indole-variable		**[[Yersinia enterocolitica]] and some [[Shigella]] are indole-variable

	[[Category:Diagnostics]]		[[Category:Diagnostics]]

Aidan at 14:09, 14 August 2020

2020-08-14T14:09:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:09, 14 August 2020
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	*Tests for the presence of ~~trypophanase~~, which metabolizes tryptophan to indole		*Tests for the presence of tryptophanase, which metabolizes tryptophan to indole
	*May be done either as a '''conventional tube indole''' (overnight incubation) or as a '''spot indole''' rapid test		*May be done either as a '''conventional tube indole''' (overnight incubation) or as a '''spot indole''' rapid test
	**The tube test requires overnight incubation at 37°C in ambient air, then add the reagent; it turns pink if positive		**The tube test requires overnight incubation at 37°C in ambient air, then add the reagent; it turns pink if positive
	**The spot test is quick, testing for indole reacting with cinnamaldehyde to give a '''blue-green''' colour within 30 seconds		**The spot test is quick, testing for indole reacting with cinnamaldehyde to give a '''blue-green''' colour within 30 seconds
	*Helps to differentiate species within the ''Enterobacteriaciae''		*Helps to differentiate species within the ''Enterobacteriaciae''
	**Most strains of [[Escherichia ~~col~~]]~~''i~~,'' [[Proteus vulgaris]], [[Morganella morganii]] and [[Providencia species~~\|Providencia~~]] are positive		**Most strains of [[Escherichia coli]], [[Proteus vulgaris]], [[Morganella morganii]] and [[Providencia species]] are indole-positive
	**Specifically can help identify species within a genus:		**Specifically can help identify species within a genus:
	***[[Klebsiella ~~species\|''Klebsiella''~~ species]]: ''[[Klebs‪iella oxytoca]]'' is indole positive whereas ''[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]'' and [[Klebsiella aerogenes]] are indole negative		***[[Klebsiella species]]: [[Klebs‪iella oxytoca]] is indole-positive whereas [[Klebsiella pneumoniae]] and [[Klebsiella aerogenes]] are indole-negative
	***[[Citrobacter ~~species\|''Citrobacter''~~ species]]: ''[[Citrobacter koseri]]'' is indole positive where as ''[[Citrobacter freundii]]'' is indole negative		***[[Citrobacter species]]: [[Citrobacter koseri]] is indole-positive where as [[Citrobacter freundii]] is indole-negative
	***[[Proteus ~~species\|''Proteus''~~ species]]: ''[[Proteus vulgaris]]'' is indole positive whereas ''[[Proteus mirabilis]]'' is indole negative		***[[Proteus species]]: [[Proteus vulgaris]] is indole-positive whereas [[Proteus mirabilis]] is indole-negative
	**Notable indole-negative species include [[Salmonella species]], [[Hafnia species]], [[Enterobacter species]]		**Notable indole-negative species include [[Salmonella species]], [[Hafnia species]], [[Enterobacter species]]
	**[[Yersinia enterocolitica]] and some [[Shigella species]] are indole-variable		**[[Yersinia enterocolitica]] and some [[Shigella species]] are indole-variable

Aidan at 14:06, 14 August 2020

2020-08-14T14:06:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:06, 14 August 2020
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	* Tests for the presence of trypophanase, which metabolizes tryptophan to indole		*Tests for the presence of trypophanase, which metabolizes tryptophan to indole
	* May be done either as a '''conventional tube indole''' (overnight incubation) or as a '''spot indole''' rapid test		*May be done either as a '''conventional tube indole''' (overnight incubation) or as a '''spot indole''' rapid test
	** The tube test requires overnight incubation at 37°C in ambient air, then add the reagent; it turns pink if positive		**The tube test requires overnight incubation at 37°C in ambient air, then add the reagent; it turns pink if positive
	** The spot test is quick, testing for indole reacting with cinnamaldehyde to give a '''blue-green''' colour within 30 seconds		**The spot test is quick, testing for indole reacting with cinnamaldehyde to give a '''blue-green''' colour within 30 seconds
	* Helps to differentiate species within the ''Enterobacteriaciae''		*Helps to differentiate species within the ''Enterobacteriaciae''
	** Most strains of ''~~E.coli~~,'' ~~''P.~~ vulgaris'', ~~''M.~~ morganii'' and ~~''Providenica''~~		**Most strains of [[Escherichia col]]''i,'' [[Proteus vulgaris]], [[Morganella morganii]] and [[Providencia species\|Providencia]] are positive
	** Specifically can help identify species within a genus:		**Specifically can help identify species within a genus:
	*** ''Klebsiella'' species: ''Klebs‪iella oxytoca'' is indole positive whereas ''Klebsiella pneumoniae'' is indole negative.		***[[Klebsiella species\|''Klebsiella'' species]]: ''[[Klebs‪iella oxytoca]]'' is indole positive whereas ''[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]'' and [[Klebsiella aerogenes]] are indole negative
	*** ''Citrobacter'' species: ''Citrobacter koseri'' is indole positive where as ''Citrobacter freundii'' is indole negative		***[[Citrobacter species\|''Citrobacter'' species]]: ''[[Citrobacter koseri]]'' is indole positive where as ''[[Citrobacter freundii]]'' is indole negative
	*** ''Proteus'' species: ''Proteus vulgaris'' is indole positive whereas ''Proteus mirabilis'' is indole negative		***[[Proteus species\|''Proteus'' species]]: ''[[Proteus vulgaris]]'' is indole positive whereas ''[[Proteus mirabilis]]'' is indole negative
			**Notable indole-negative species include [[Salmonella species]], [[Hafnia species]], [[Enterobacter species]]
			**[[Yersinia enterocolitica]] and some [[Shigella species]] are indole-variable

	[[Category:Diagnostics]]		[[Category:Diagnostics]]

Aidan: typo

2019-10-29T15:38:11Z

typo

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:38, 29 October 2019
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	*** ''Klebsiella'' species: ''Klebs‪iella oxytoca'' is indole positive whereas ''Klebsiella pneumoniae'' is indole negative.		*** ''Klebsiella'' species: ''Klebs‪iella oxytoca'' is indole positive whereas ''Klebsiella pneumoniae'' is indole negative.
	*** ''Citrobacter'' species: ''Citrobacter koseri'' is indole positive where as ''Citrobacter freundii'' is indole negative		*** ''Citrobacter'' species: ''Citrobacter koseri'' is indole positive where as ''Citrobacter freundii'' is indole negative
	*** ''Proteus'' species: ''Proteus ~~Vulgaris~~'' is indole positive whereas ''Proteus mirabilis'' is indole negative		*** ''Proteus'' species: ''Proteus vulgaris'' is indole positive whereas ''Proteus mirabilis'' is indole negative

	[[Category:Diagnostics]]		[[Category:Diagnostics]]

Aidan: typo

2019-10-29T15:38:02Z

typo

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:38, 29 October 2019
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	** Specifically can help identify species within a genus:		** Specifically can help identify species within a genus:
	*** ''Klebsiella'' species: ''Klebs‪iella oxytoca'' is indole positive whereas ''Klebsiella pneumoniae'' is indole negative.		*** ''Klebsiella'' species: ''Klebs‪iella oxytoca'' is indole positive whereas ''Klebsiella pneumoniae'' is indole negative.
	*** ''Citrobacter'' species: ''Citrobacter ~~Koseri~~'' is indole positive where as ''Citrobacter freundii'' is indole negative		*** ''Citrobacter'' species: ''Citrobacter koseri'' is indole positive where as ''Citrobacter freundii'' is indole negative
	*** ''Proteus'' species: ''Proteus Vulgaris'' is indole positive whereas ''Proteus mirabilis'' is indole negative		*** ''Proteus'' species: ''Proteus Vulgaris'' is indole positive whereas ''Proteus mirabilis'' is indole negative

Aidan: Summarized

2019-10-29T15:37:48Z

Summarized

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:37, 29 October 2019
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			* Tests for the presence of trypophanase, which metabolizes tryptophan to indole
	Source: [https://microbeonline.com/indole-test-principle-procedure-results/ Microbe Online]
			* May be done either as a '''conventional tube indole''' (overnight incubation) or as a '''spot indole''' rapid test

			** The tube test requires overnight incubation at 37°C in ambient air, then add the reagent; it turns pink if positive
	Indole test is used to determine the ability of an organism to split amino acid '''tryptophan''' to form the compound '''indole'''. Tryptophan is hydrolysed by '''tryptophanase''' to produce three possible end products – one of which is indole. Indole production is detected by Kovac’s or Ehrlich’s reagent which contains '''4 (p)-dimethylamino benzaldehyde''', this reacts with indole to produce a '''red coloured compound'''.
			** The spot test is quick, testing for indole reacting with cinnamaldehyde to give a '''blue-green''' colour within 30 seconds

			* Helps to differentiate species within the ''Enterobacteriaciae''
	[https://i2.wp.com/microbeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Principle-of-Indole-Test.png [[File:https://i0.wp.com/microbeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Principle-of-Indole-Test-300x57.png?resize=400%2C77\|Indole Test Reaction]]]Indole Test Reaction
		⚫	** Most strains of ''E.coli,'' ''P. vulgaris'', ''M. morganii'' and ''Providenica''

			** Specifically can help identify species within a genus:
	Indole test is a commonly used biochemical test (e.g. in [https://microbeonline.com/imvic-tests-principle-procedure-and-results/ IMVIC] test, SIM test etc). Indole test helps to differentiate [https://microbeonline.com/seven-common-characteristics-family-enterobacteriaceae/ ''Enterobacteriaceae''] and other genera.
		⚫	*** ''Klebsiella'' species: ''Klebs‪iella oxytoca'' is indole positive whereas ''Klebsiella pneumoniae'' is indole negative.

		⚫	*** ''Citrobacter'' species: ''Citrobacter Koseri'' is indole positive where as ''Citrobacter freundii'' is indole negative
	Two methods are in use:
		⚫	*** ''Proteus'' species: ''Proteus Vulgaris'' is indole positive whereas ''Proteus mirabilis'' is indole negative

	# a conventional tube method requiring overnight incubation, which identifies weak indole producing organisms and
	# a spot indole test, which detects rapid indole producing organisms

	= Conventional Tube Indole =

	== Procedure ==

	# Inoculate the tryptophan broth with broth culture or emulsify isolated colony of the test organism in tryptophan broth.
	# Incubate at 37°C for 24-28 hours in ambient air.
	# Add 0.5 ml of Kovac’s reagent to the broth culture.

	[https://i0.wp.com/1.bp.blogspot.com/-uQI1gFizQKs/T3xd3m8IDhI/AAAAAAAAA10/8JMkQiMEbhU/s1600/indole.jpg [[File:https://i2.wp.com/1.bp.blogspot.com/-uQI1gFizQKs/T3xd3m8IDhI/AAAAAAAAA10/8JMkQiMEbhU/s320/indole.jpg?resize=320%2C250\|img]]]

	''Photo Courtesy: Karen M. Kiser''

	== Interpretation ==

	* '''Positive:''' Pink colored rink after addition of appropriate reagent
	* '''Negative:''' No color change even after the addition of appropriate reagent. e.g. ''Klebsiella pneumoniae''

	= Spot Indole Test =

	It is used to determine the presence of the enzyme tryptophanase. Tryptophanase breaks down tryptophan to release indole, which when reacts with cinnamaldehyde produces a blue-green compound. The absence of enzyme results in no color production (i.e. indole negative).

	== Procedure ==

	* Saturate a piece of filter paper with the 1% paradimethylaminocinnamaldehyde reagent.
	* Use a wooden stick or bacteriologic loop to remove a small portion of a bacterial colony from the agar surface and rub the sample on the filter paper.

	'''Note:''' The bacterial inoculum should not be taken from [https://microbeonline.com/macconkey-agar-mac-composition-preparation-uses-and-colony-characteristics/ MacConkey Agar] because the color of lactose fermenting colonies on this medium can interfere with test interpretation.

	== Interpretation ==

	# '''Positive:''' Development of a blue color within 30 seconds. Most indole positive organism turn blue within 30 seconds.
	# '''Negative:''' No color development or slightly pink color.

	= Utility =

	# Spot indole test along with [https://microbeonline.com/gram-staining-principle-procedure-results/ gram stain] result and colony characteristics can assist in the rapid identification of isolates. For example: A flat, dry lactose fermenting (pink) colony on [https://microbeonline.com/macconkey-agar-mac-composition-preparation-uses-and-colony-characteristics/ MacConkey agar] that is also spot indole positive and [https://microbeonline.com/oxidase-test-principle-procedure-and-oxidase-positive-organisms/ oxidase] negative can be reported presumptively as ''E.coli.''
	# Organisms that swarm on 5% sheep [https://microbeonline.com/blood-agar-composition-preparation-uses-and-types-of-hemolysis/ blood agar], exhibit a characteristics odour, and are oxidase negative can be presumptively identified as ''Proteus spp''. With further testing by spot indole, the positive isolates may be presumptively reported as ''Proteus vulgaris'' and the negative ones as ''Proteus mirabilis.''

	== Indole positive organisms ==

⚫	Most strains of ''E.coli,'' ''P. vulgaris'', ''M. morganii'' and ''Providenica'' ~~are indole positive.~~

	Indole test can also aid in species differentiation.

⚫	# ''Klebsiella'' species: ''Klebs‪iella oxytoca'' is indole positive whereas ''Klebsiella pneumoniae'' is indole negative.
⚫	# ''Citrobacter'' species: ''Citrobacter Koseri'' is indole positive where as ''Citrobacter freundii'' is indole negative
⚫	# ''Proteus'' species: ''Proteus Vulgaris'' is indole positive whereas ''Proteus mirabilis'' is indole negative

	== Mnemonic “OK VIP” ==

	# '''O''' for oxytica (''Klebsiella oxytoca'')
	# '''K''' for koseri (''Citrobacter koseri'')
	# '''V''' for vulgaris (''Proteus vulgaris'')
	# '''IP''' for indole positive.

	= Multitest Agar =

	In Diagnostic laboratories, Indole test can is performed '''using multitest agar'''. Three most commonly used agar medium are:

	# '''Sulfide-indole-motility (SIM) medium:''' The SIM medium is a multitest agar used to test for indole production while simultaneously determining motility and hydrogen sulfide producing abilities of the isolate.
	# '''Motility-indole-urease (MIU) medium:''' MIU medium is used to test for indole and [https://microbeonline.com/urease-test-principle-procedure-interpretation-and-urease-positive-organsims/ urease]producing characteristics of the organism along with test for motility.
	# '''Motility-indole-ornithine (MIO) medium:''' In addition to testing for indole production, MIO agar is used to[https://microbeonline.com/tests-bacterial-motility-procedure-results/ '''test for motility'''] and [https://microbeonline.com/decarboxylation-test-types-uses-principles-procedure-results/ '''ornithine decarboxylase.''']

	[[Category:Diagnostics]]		[[Category:Diagnostics]]

Aidan at 11:15, 16 August 2019

2019-08-16T11:15:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:15, 16 August 2019
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	# '''Motility-indole-ornithine (MIO) medium:''' In addition to testing for indole production, MIO agar is used to[https://microbeonline.com/tests-bacterial-motility-procedure-results/ '''test for motility'''] and [https://microbeonline.com/decarboxylation-test-types-uses-principles-procedure-results/ '''ornithine decarboxylase.''']		# '''Motility-indole-ornithine (MIO) medium:''' In addition to testing for indole production, MIO agar is used to[https://microbeonline.com/tests-bacterial-motility-procedure-results/ '''test for motility'''] and [https://microbeonline.com/decarboxylation-test-types-uses-principles-procedure-results/ '''ornithine decarboxylase.''']

	[[Category:~~Microbiology~~]]		[[Category:Diagnostics]]

Aidan at 01:14, 16 August 2019

2019-08-16T01:14:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:14, 16 August 2019
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	Source: [https://microbeonline.com/indole-test-principle-procedure-results/ Microbe Online]		Source: [https://microbeonline.com/indole-test-principle-procedure-results/ Microbe Online]

	= Indole test =

	Indole test is used to determine the ability of an organism to split amino acid '''tryptophan''' to form the compound '''indole'''. Tryptophan is hydrolysed by '''tryptophanase''' to produce three possible end products – one of which is indole. Indole production is detected by Kovac’s or Ehrlich’s reagent which contains '''4 (p)-dimethylamino benzaldehyde''', this reacts with indole to produce a '''red coloured compound'''.		Indole test is used to determine the ability of an organism to split amino acid '''tryptophan''' to form the compound '''indole'''. Tryptophan is hydrolysed by '''tryptophanase''' to produce three possible end products – one of which is indole. Indole production is detected by Kovac’s or Ehrlich’s reagent which contains '''4 (p)-dimethylamino benzaldehyde''', this reacts with indole to produce a '''red coloured compound'''.
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	# '''Motility-indole-urease (MIU) medium:''' MIU medium is used to test for indole and [https://microbeonline.com/urease-test-principle-procedure-interpretation-and-urease-positive-organsims/ urease]producing characteristics of the organism along with test for motility.		# '''Motility-indole-urease (MIU) medium:''' MIU medium is used to test for indole and [https://microbeonline.com/urease-test-principle-procedure-interpretation-and-urease-positive-organsims/ urease]producing characteristics of the organism along with test for motility.
	# '''Motility-indole-ornithine (MIO) medium:''' In addition to testing for indole production, MIO agar is used to[https://microbeonline.com/tests-bacterial-motility-procedure-results/ '''test for motility'''] and [https://microbeonline.com/decarboxylation-test-types-uses-principles-procedure-results/ '''ornithine decarboxylase.''']		# '''Motility-indole-ornithine (MIO) medium:''' In addition to testing for indole production, MIO agar is used to[https://microbeonline.com/tests-bacterial-motility-procedure-results/ '''test for motility'''] and [https://microbeonline.com/decarboxylation-test-types-uses-principles-procedure-results/ '''ornithine decarboxylase.''']

			[[Category:Microbiology]]

Aidan at 17:28, 13 August 2019

2019-08-13T17:28:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:28, 13 August 2019
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			Source: [https://microbeonline.com/indole-test-principle-procedure-results/ Microbe Online]

	= Indole test =		= Indole test =

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	# a spot indole test, which detects rapid indole producing organisms		# a spot indole test, which detects rapid indole producing organisms

	== Conventional Tube Indole ==		= Conventional Tube Indole =

	=== Procedure ===		== Procedure ==

	# Inoculate the tryptophan broth with broth culture or emulsify isolated colony of the test organism in tryptophan broth.		# Inoculate the tryptophan broth with broth culture or emulsify isolated colony of the test organism in tryptophan broth.
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	''Photo Courtesy: Karen M. Kiser''		''Photo Courtesy: Karen M. Kiser''

	=== Interpretation ===		== Interpretation ==

	* '''Positive:''' Pink colored rink after addition of appropriate reagent		* '''Positive:''' Pink colored rink after addition of appropriate reagent
	* '''Negative:''' No color change even after the addition of appropriate reagent. e.g. ''Klebsiella pneumoniae''		* '''Negative:''' No color change even after the addition of appropriate reagent. e.g. ''Klebsiella pneumoniae''

	== Spot Indole Test ==		= Spot Indole Test =

	It is used to determine the presence of the enzyme tryptophanase. Tryptophanase breaks down tryptophan to release indole, which when reacts with cinnamaldehyde produces a blue-green compound. The absence of enzyme results in no color production (i.e. indole negative).		It is used to determine the presence of the enzyme tryptophanase. Tryptophanase breaks down tryptophan to release indole, which when reacts with cinnamaldehyde produces a blue-green compound. The absence of enzyme results in no color production (i.e. indole negative).

	=== Procedure ===		== Procedure ==

	* Saturate a piece of filter paper with the 1% paradimethylaminocinnamaldehyde reagent.		* Saturate a piece of filter paper with the 1% paradimethylaminocinnamaldehyde reagent.
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	'''Note:''' The bacterial inoculum should not be taken from [https://microbeonline.com/macconkey-agar-mac-composition-preparation-uses-and-colony-characteristics/ MacConkey Agar] because the color of lactose fermenting colonies on this medium can interfere with test interpretation.		'''Note:''' The bacterial inoculum should not be taken from [https://microbeonline.com/macconkey-agar-mac-composition-preparation-uses-and-colony-characteristics/ MacConkey Agar] because the color of lactose fermenting colonies on this medium can interfere with test interpretation.

	=== Interpretation ===		== Interpretation ==

	# '''Positive:''' Development of a blue color within 30 seconds. Most indole positive organism turn blue within 30 seconds.		# '''Positive:''' Development of a blue color within 30 seconds. Most indole positive organism turn blue within 30 seconds.
	# '''Negative:''' No color development or slightly pink color.		# '''Negative:''' No color development or slightly pink color.

	== Utility ==		= Utility =

	# Spot indole test along with [https://microbeonline.com/gram-staining-principle-procedure-results/ gram stain] result and colony characteristics can assist in the rapid identification of isolates. For example: A flat, dry lactose fermenting (pink) colony on [https://microbeonline.com/macconkey-agar-mac-composition-preparation-uses-and-colony-characteristics/ MacConkey agar] that is also spot indole positive and [https://microbeonline.com/oxidase-test-principle-procedure-and-oxidase-positive-organisms/ oxidase] negative can be reported presumptively as ''E.coli.''		# Spot indole test along with [https://microbeonline.com/gram-staining-principle-procedure-results/ gram stain] result and colony characteristics can assist in the rapid identification of isolates. For example: A flat, dry lactose fermenting (pink) colony on [https://microbeonline.com/macconkey-agar-mac-composition-preparation-uses-and-colony-characteristics/ MacConkey agar] that is also spot indole positive and [https://microbeonline.com/oxidase-test-principle-procedure-and-oxidase-positive-organisms/ oxidase] negative can be reported presumptively as ''E.coli.''
	# Organisms that swarm on 5% sheep [https://microbeonline.com/blood-agar-composition-preparation-uses-and-types-of-hemolysis/ blood agar], exhibit a characteristics odour, and are oxidase negative can be presumptively identified as ''Proteus spp''. With further testing by spot indole, the positive isolates may be presumptively reported as ''Proteus vulgaris'' and the negative ones as ''Proteus mirabilis.''		# Organisms that swarm on 5% sheep [https://microbeonline.com/blood-agar-composition-preparation-uses-and-types-of-hemolysis/ blood agar], exhibit a characteristics odour, and are oxidase negative can be presumptively identified as ''Proteus spp''. With further testing by spot indole, the positive isolates may be presumptively reported as ''Proteus vulgaris'' and the negative ones as ''Proteus mirabilis.''

	=== Indole positive organisms ===		== Indole positive organisms ==

	Most strains of ''E.coli,'' ''P. vulgaris'', ''M. morganii'' and ''Providenica'' are indole positive.		Most strains of ''E.coli,'' ''P. vulgaris'', ''M. morganii'' and ''Providenica'' are indole positive.
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	# ''Proteus'' species: ''Proteus Vulgaris'' is indole positive whereas ''Proteus mirabilis'' is indole negative		# ''Proteus'' species: ''Proteus Vulgaris'' is indole positive whereas ''Proteus mirabilis'' is indole negative

	==== Mnemonic “OK VIP” ====		== Mnemonic “OK VIP” ==

	# '''O''' for oxytica (''Klebsiella oxytoca'')		# '''O''' for oxytica (''Klebsiella oxytoca'')
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	# '''IP''' for indole positive.		# '''IP''' for indole positive.

	== Multitest Agar ==		= Multitest Agar =

	In Diagnostic laboratories, Indole test can is performed '''using multitest agar'''. Three most commonly used agar medium are:		In Diagnostic laboratories, Indole test can is performed '''using multitest agar'''. Three most commonly used agar medium are:

Aidan: Aidan moved page Indole to Indole test without leaving a redirect

2019-08-13T17:27:32Z

Aidan moved page Indole to Indole test without leaving a redirect

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:27, 13 August 2019
(No difference)