Hantavirus - Revision history

Aidan at 17:54, 21 September 2023

2023-09-21T17:54:30Z

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 *Enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus within the order [[Bunyavirales]], family [[Hantaviridae]]
 *Acquired by inhalation of contaminated rodent urine or feces, and possibly by bites
 *Essentially worldwide, though New World viruses tend to cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and Old World viruses tend to cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
-**In Canada, no cases have been described east of Saskatchewan; specifically, no cases of HPS have been described in Ontario since it became reportable in 2001
+**In Canada, no cases have been described east of Manitoba
 *Incidence of HPS peaks in summer months (in North America)
@@ Line 24: / Line 27: @@
 *Caused by New World hantaviruses such as Sin Nombre, Bayou, and Black Creek Canal
 **Creatinine may be elevated, but not as severe as HFRS
 *Case fatality rate is about 35%
@@ Line 41: / Line 57: @@
 *PCR or immunohistochemical staining are both possible
 *Viral culture is difficult
-*Of note, it is a [[Biosafety risk groups|biosafety risk group]] 3 pathogen, which requires special precautions in the lab
+*Of note, it is a '''[[Biosafety risk groups|biosafety risk group]] 3 pathogen''', which requires special precautions in the lab
 ==Management==

Aidan at 15:12, 20 September 2023

2023-09-20T15:12:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:12, 20 September 2023
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	*Acquired by inhalation of contaminated rodent urine or feces, and possibly by bites		*Acquired by inhalation of contaminated rodent urine or feces, and possibly by bites
	*Essentially worldwide, though New World viruses tend to cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and Old World viruses tend to cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome		*Essentially worldwide, though New World viruses tend to cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and Old World viruses tend to cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
			**In Canada, no cases have been described east of Saskatchewan; specifically, no cases of HPS have been described in Ontario since it became reportable in 2001
			*Incidence of HPS peaks in summer months (in North America)

	==Clinical Manifestations==		==Clinical Manifestations==
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	*Prodrome of fever followed 4 to 5 days later by shock and pulmonary edema		*Prodrome of fever followed 4 to 5 days later by shock and pulmonary edema
	**Prodrome may include myalgias, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms		**Prodrome may include myalgias, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms
	**Respiratory failure can develop quickly		**Respiratory failure can develop quickly and often requires intubation
			*Chest x-ray almost always shows bilateral infiltrates suggestive of [[ARDS]]
	*Elevated hematocrit (from third-spacing), leukocytosis, atypical lymphocytes, ~~mild~~ thrombocytopenia, prolonged PTT, and mild elevations in AST and LDH		*Elevated hematocrit (from third-spacing), leukocytosis, atypical lymphocytes, thrombocytopenia (with severity predicting mortality), prolonged PTT, and mild elevations in AST and LDH
	*Creatinine may be elevated, but not as severe as HFRS		**Creatinine may be elevated, but not as severe as HFRS
			*Case fatality rate is about 35%

	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==
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	*PCR or immunohistochemical staining are both possible		*PCR or immunohistochemical staining are both possible
	*Viral culture is difficult		*Viral culture is difficult
			*Of note, it is a [[Biosafety risk groups\|biosafety risk group]] 3 pathogen, which requires special precautions in the lab

	==Management==		==Management==

Aidan: /* Background */

2020-08-24T13:33:39Z

Background

Aidan at 12:41, 14 August 2020

2020-08-14T12:41:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:41, 14 August 2020
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	[[Category:Infectious diseases]]		[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
	[[Category:~~RNA viruses~~]]		[[Category:Bunyavirales]]

Aidan: Created page with "== Background == * Enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus within the order Bunyavirales * Acquired by inhalation of contaminated rodent urine or feces, and possibly by bite..."

2020-08-14T12:36:37Z

Created page with "== Background == * Enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus within the order Bunyavirales * Acquired by inhalation of contaminated rodent urine or feces, and possibly by bite..."

New page

== Background ==

* Enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus within the order [[Bunyavirales]]
* Acquired by inhalation of contaminated rodent urine or feces, and possibly by bites
* Essentially worldwide, though New World viruses tend to cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and Old World viruses tend to cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

== Clinical Manifestations ==

* Incubation period of [[Usual incubation period::14 days]] (range [[Incubation period range::5 to 42 days]])

=== Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome (HFRS) ===

* Caused by Old World hantaviruses, such as Hantaan, Dobrava, Seoul, Puumala, and other Old World hantaviruses
* [[Fever]], [[thrombocytopenia]], and [[AKI]] caused by [[acute interstitial nephritis]]
* Also headache, abdominal pain, low back pain, dizziness, and blurred vision
* Can have conjunctival injection and petechiae on upper trunk and soft palate
* Febrile phase lasts 4 to 7 days of acute, severe illness, followed by hypotensive, oliguric, and polyuric phases
* Leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia seen on CBC
* Mortality up to 5%

=== Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) ===

* Caused by New World hantaviruses such as Sin Nombre, Bayou, and Black Creek Canal
* Prodrome of fever followed 4 to 5 days later by shock and pulmonary edema
** Prodrome may include myalgias, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms
** Respiratory failure can develop quickly
* Elevated hematocrit (from third-spacing), leukocytosis, atypical lymphocytes, mild thrombocytopenia, prolonged PTT, and mild elevations in AST and LDH
* Creatinine may be elevated, but not as severe as HFRS

== Differential Diagnosis ==

* HPS: other causes of unexplained [[pulmonary edema]]

== Diagnosis ==

* Serology usually positive by presentation (both IgM and IgG)
* PCR or immunohistochemical staining are both possible
* Viral culture is difficult

== Management ==

* Supportive

[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
[[Category:RNA viruses]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:33, 24 August 2020
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	== Background ==		==Background==

	* Enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus within the order [[Bunyavirales]]		*Enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus within the order [[Bunyavirales]], family [[Hantaviridae]]
	* Acquired by inhalation of contaminated rodent urine or feces, and possibly by bites		*Acquired by inhalation of contaminated rodent urine or feces, and possibly by bites
	* Essentially worldwide, though New World viruses tend to cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and Old World viruses tend to cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome		*Essentially worldwide, though New World viruses tend to cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and Old World viruses tend to cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

	== Clinical Manifestations ==		==Clinical Manifestations==

	* Incubation period of [[Usual incubation period::14 days]] (range [[Incubation period range::5 to 42 days]])		*Incubation period of [[Usual incubation period::14 days]] (range [[Incubation period range::5 to 42 days]])

	=== Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome (HFRS) ===		===Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome (HFRS)===

	* Caused by Old World hantaviruses, such as Hantaan, Dobrava, Seoul, Puumala, and other Old World hantaviruses		*Caused by Old World hantaviruses, such as Hantaan, Dobrava, Seoul, Puumala, and other Old World hantaviruses
	* [[Fever]], [[thrombocytopenia]], and [[AKI]] caused by [[acute interstitial nephritis]]		*[[Fever]], [[thrombocytopenia]], and [[AKI]] caused by [[acute interstitial nephritis]]
	* Also headache, abdominal pain, low back pain, dizziness, and blurred vision		*Also headache, abdominal pain, low back pain, dizziness, and blurred vision
	* Can have conjunctival injection and petechiae on upper trunk and soft palate		*Can have conjunctival injection and petechiae on upper trunk and soft palate
	* Febrile phase lasts 4 to 7 days of acute, severe illness, followed by hypotensive, oliguric, and polyuric phases		*Febrile phase lasts 4 to 7 days of acute, severe illness, followed by hypotensive, oliguric, and polyuric phases
	* Leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia seen on CBC		*Leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia seen on CBC
	* Mortality up to 5%		*Mortality up to 5%

	=== Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) ===		===Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)===

	* Caused by New World hantaviruses such as Sin Nombre, Bayou, and Black Creek Canal		*Caused by New World hantaviruses such as Sin Nombre, Bayou, and Black Creek Canal
	* Prodrome of fever followed 4 to 5 days later by shock and pulmonary edema		*Prodrome of fever followed 4 to 5 days later by shock and pulmonary edema
	** Prodrome may include myalgias, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms		**Prodrome may include myalgias, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms
	** Respiratory failure can develop quickly		**Respiratory failure can develop quickly
	* Elevated hematocrit (from third-spacing), leukocytosis, atypical lymphocytes, mild thrombocytopenia, prolonged PTT, and mild elevations in AST and LDH		*Elevated hematocrit (from third-spacing), leukocytosis, atypical lymphocytes, mild thrombocytopenia, prolonged PTT, and mild elevations in AST and LDH
	* Creatinine may be elevated, but not as severe as HFRS		*Creatinine may be elevated, but not as severe as HFRS

	== Differential Diagnosis ==		==Differential Diagnosis==

	* HPS: other causes of unexplained [[pulmonary edema]]		*HPS: other causes of unexplained [[pulmonary edema]]

	== Diagnosis ==		==Diagnosis==

	* Serology usually positive by presentation (both IgM and IgG)		*Serology usually positive by presentation (both IgM and IgG)
	* PCR or immunohistochemical staining are both possible		*PCR or immunohistochemical staining are both possible
	* Viral culture is difficult		*Viral culture is difficult

	== Management ==		==Management==

	* Supportive		*Supportive

	[[Category:Infectious diseases]]		[[Category:Infectious diseases]]