Exophiala - Revision history

Aidan at 15:00, 22 April 2026

2026-04-22T15:00:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:00, 22 April 2026
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	== Clinical Manifestations ==		== Clinical Manifestations ==
			* Primarily in immunosuppressed or eldery patients
	* ~~Causes~~ cutaneous and subcutaneous infection ~~most commonly~~, including [[phaeohyphomycosis]], [[chromoblastomycosis]], ~~eye~~ ~~infections~~, and nail infections		** Most commonly, cutaneous and subcutaneous infection, including [[phaeohyphomycosis]], [[chromoblastomycosis]], [[Fungal keratitis\|keratitis]], and nail infections
	* Also pneumonia, brain abscess, disseminated disease ~~(in elderly and immunosuppressed patients including AIDS and chemotherapy)~~		** Also pneumonia, brain abscess, disseminated disease
	* [[Exophiala dermatitidis]] is neurotropic, with high mortality		* [[Exophiala dermatitidis]] is neurotropic, with high mortality, and this can occur in immunocompetent (often Asian) patients
	* Known to colonize [[cystic fibrosis]] patients (3-20%)		* Known to colonize [[cystic fibrosis]] patients (3-20%)

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	== Management ==		== Management ==
			* No validated clinical breakpoints to guide therapy
	* [[Is treated by::Itraconazole]] or oral [[Is treated by::terbinafine]], alone or in combination		* [[Is treated by::Itraconazole]] or oral [[Is treated by::terbinafine]], alone or in combination
	* [[Is treated by::Amphotericin B]] is also commonly used, and [[Is treated by::voriconazole]] also likely works		* [[Is treated by::Amphotericin B]] is also commonly used, and [[Is treated by::voriconazole]] also likely works
			* Echinocandins are likely ineffective

	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exophiala''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exophiala''}}

Aidan at 13:26, 1 April 2026

2026-04-01T13:26:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:26, 1 April 2026
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	== Background ==		== Background ==
			* Genus of dematiaceous filamentous fungi
	* ''[[Exophiala dermatitidis]]'' is the most clinically relevant "[[black yeast]]"		* ''[[Exophiala dermatitidis]]'' is the most clinically relevant "[[black yeast]]"

	== Clinical Manifestations ==		== Clinical Manifestations ==
	* Causes cutaneous and subcutaneous infection most commonly, including [[chromoblastomycosis]], eye infections, and nail infections		* Causes cutaneous and subcutaneous infection most commonly, including [[phaeohyphomycosis]], [[chromoblastomycosis]], eye infections, and nail infections
	* Also pneumonia, brain abscess, disseminated disease (in elderly and immunosuppressed patients including AIDS and chemotherapy)		* Also pneumonia, brain abscess, disseminated disease (in elderly and immunosuppressed patients including AIDS and chemotherapy)
	* [[Exophiala dermatitidis]] is neurotropic, with high mortality~~, and is known to colonize [[cystic fibrosis]] patients (3-20%).~~		* [[Exophiala dermatitidis]] is neurotropic, with high mortality
			* Known to colonize [[cystic fibrosis]] patients (3-20%)

	== Diagnosis ==		== Diagnosis ==

Aidan at 13:19, 1 April 2026

2026-04-01T13:19:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:19, 1 April 2026
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			== Background ==
	* ''[[Exophiala dermatitidis]]'' is the most clinically relevant "[[black yeast]]"		* ''[[Exophiala dermatitidis]]'' is the most clinically relevant "[[black yeast]]"

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	* Causes cutaneous and subcutaneous infection most commonly, including [[chromoblastomycosis]], eye infections, and nail infections		* Causes cutaneous and subcutaneous infection most commonly, including [[chromoblastomycosis]], eye infections, and nail infections
	* Also pneumonia, brain abscess, disseminated disease (in elderly and immunosuppressed patients including AIDS and chemotherapy)		* Also pneumonia, brain abscess, disseminated disease (in elderly and immunosuppressed patients including AIDS and chemotherapy)
	* ''[[Exophiala ~~dermatitidis\|E.~~ dermatitidis]]'' is neurotropic, with high mortality, and is known to colonize [[cystic fibrosis]] patients (3-20%).		* [[Exophiala dermatitidis]] is neurotropic, with high mortality, and is known to colonize [[cystic fibrosis]] patients (3-20%).

	== Diagnosis ==		== Diagnosis ==

Aidan: Text replacement - " species}}" to "}}"

2022-02-20T06:36:04Z

Text replacement - " species}}" to "}}"

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:36, 20 February 2022
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	* [[Is treated by::Amphotericin B]] is also commonly used, and [[Is treated by::voriconazole]] also likely works		* [[Is treated by::Amphotericin B]] is also commonly used, and [[Is treated by::voriconazole]] also likely works

	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exophiala'' ~~species~~}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exophiala''}}
	[[Category:Diatemaceous molds]]		[[Category:Diatemaceous molds]]

Aidan: Aidan moved page Exophiala species to Exophiala without leaving a redirect: Text replacement - " species$" to ""

2022-01-25T16:43:35Z

Aidan moved page Exophiala species to Exophiala without leaving a redirect: Text replacement - " species$" to ""

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:43, 25 January 2022
(No difference)

Aidan: Text replacement - "Clinical Presentation" to "Clinical Manifestations"

2020-07-19T12:14:50Z

Text replacement - "Clinical Presentation" to "Clinical Manifestations"

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:14, 19 July 2020
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	* ''[[Exophiala dermatitidis]]'' is the most clinically relevant "[[black yeast]]"		* ''[[Exophiala dermatitidis]]'' is the most clinically relevant "[[black yeast]]"

	== Clinical ~~Presentation~~ ==		== Clinical Manifestations ==
	* Causes cutaneous and subcutaneous infection most commonly, including [[chromoblastomycosis]], eye infections, and nail infections		* Causes cutaneous and subcutaneous infection most commonly, including [[chromoblastomycosis]], eye infections, and nail infections
	* Also pneumonia, brain abscess, disseminated disease (in elderly and immunosuppressed patients including AIDS and chemotherapy)		* Also pneumonia, brain abscess, disseminated disease (in elderly and immunosuppressed patients including AIDS and chemotherapy)

Aidan: added a bit to clinical presentation and added links

2019-11-03T19:48:33Z

added a bit to clinical presentation and added links

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:48, 3 November 2019
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	* ~~The~~ most clinically relevant "black yeast"		* ''[[Exophiala dermatitidis]]'' is the most clinically relevant "[[black yeast]]"

	== Clinical Presentation ==		== Clinical Presentation ==
	* Causes cutaneous and subcutaneous infection most commonly		* Causes cutaneous and subcutaneous infection most commonly, including [[chromoblastomycosis]], eye infections, and nail infections
	* Also pneumonia, brain abscess, disseminated disease (in elderly and immunosuppressed patients including AIDS and chemotherapy)		* Also pneumonia, brain abscess, disseminated disease (in elderly and immunosuppressed patients including AIDS and chemotherapy)
	* ''[[Exophiala dermatitidis\|E. dermatitidis]]'' is neurotropic, with high mortality, and is known to colonize [[cystic fibrosis]] patients (3-20%).		* ''[[Exophiala dermatitidis\|E. dermatitidis]]'' is neurotropic, with high mortality, and is known to colonize [[cystic fibrosis]] patients (3-20%).

Aidan: /* Clinical Presentation */ link

2019-11-02T19:38:39Z

Clinical Presentation: link

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:38, 2 November 2019
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	* Causes cutaneous and subcutaneous infection most commonly		* Causes cutaneous and subcutaneous infection most commonly
	* Also pneumonia, brain abscess, disseminated disease (in elderly and immunosuppressed patients including AIDS and chemotherapy)		* Also pneumonia, brain abscess, disseminated disease (in elderly and immunosuppressed patients including AIDS and chemotherapy)
	* ''E. dermatitidis'' is neurotropic, with high mortality, and is known to colonize [[cystic fibrosis]] patients (3-20%).		* ''[[Exophiala dermatitidis\|E. dermatitidis]]'' is neurotropic, with high mortality, and is known to colonize [[cystic fibrosis]] patients (3-20%).

	== Diagnosis ==		== Diagnosis ==

Aidan: Initial page creation

2019-11-02T19:38:16Z

Initial page creation

New page

* The most clinically relevant "black yeast"

== Clinical Presentation ==
* Causes cutaneous and subcutaneous infection most commonly
* Also pneumonia, brain abscess, disseminated disease (in elderly and immunosuppressed patients including AIDS and chemotherapy)
* ''E. dermatitidis'' is neurotropic, with high mortality, and is known to colonize [[cystic fibrosis]] patients (3-20%).

== Diagnosis ==
* On histology of cutaneous infection, shows epidermal hyperkeratosis, hyperplasia, acanthosis, pseudoepitheliomatous and intraepidermal pustules
* Culture
** Colony: yeast-like, black, and mucoid
** Microscopy
*** Can have pigmented fungal elements within or adjoining multinucleate giant cells
*** Yeast form is budding and black, while filamentous form is septate and pigmented.

== Management ==
* [[Is treated by::Itraconazole]] or oral [[Is treated by::terbinafine]], alone or in combination
* [[Is treated by::Amphotericin B]] is also commonly used, and [[Is treated by::voriconazole]] also likely works

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Exophiala'' species}}
[[Category:Diatemaceous molds]]