Encephalitis - Revision history

Aidan: Text replacement - " species]]" to "]]"

2022-01-25T16:46:03Z

Text replacement - " species]]" to "]]"

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:46, 25 January 2022
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	\|-		\|-
	\|space-occupying lesions		\|space-occupying lesions
	\|[[Toxoplasma gondii]], [[Balamuthia mandrillaris]], [[Acanthamoeba ~~species~~]], [[Taenia solium]]		\|[[Toxoplasma gondii]], [[Balamuthia mandrillaris]], [[Acanthamoeba]], [[Taenia solium]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|subependymal enhancement		\|subependymal enhancement

Aidan: /* Differential Diagnosis */

2020-08-18T11:08:55Z

Differential Diagnosis

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:08, 18 August 2020
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	***[[Herpes simplex encephalitis\|Herpes simplex virus]]		***[[Herpes simplex encephalitis\|Herpes simplex virus]]
	***[[Varicella-zoster virus]]		***[[Varicella-zoster virus]]
	***[[Enteroviruses]]		***[[Enterovirus\|Enteroviruses]]
	***[[Eastern equine encephalitis\|Eastern]] or [[Western equine encephalitis]], [[Japanese encephalitis]], [[Murray Valley encephalitis]], [[St. Louis encephalitis]], [[West Nile virus]]		***[[Eastern equine encephalitis virus\|Eastern]] or [[Western equine encephalitis virus]], [[Japanese encephalitis virus]], [[Murray Valley encephalitis virus]], [[St. Louis encephalitis virus]], [[West Nile virus]]
	***[[Rabies virus]]		***[[Rabies virus]]
	***[[Hendra virus]]		***[[Hendra virus]]
	***[[Nipah virus]]		***[[Nipah virus]]
	***[[Tickborne encephalitis]], [[La Crosse virus]], [[Powassan virus]]		***[[Tickborne encephalitis virus]], [[La Crosse virus]], [[Powassan virus]]
	**Bacteria		**Bacteria
	***''[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]''		***''[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]''

Aidan: /* Differential Diagnosis */

2020-08-12T22:04:44Z

Differential Diagnosis

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:04, 12 August 2020
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	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==

			*Common causes include [[HSV]], [[VZV]], and [[enterovirus]] in developed countries
			*Consider [[rabies virus]], [[Japanese encephalitis virus]], [[West Nile virus]], [[tickborne encephalitis virus]], and [[St. Louis encephalitis virus]] depending on travel history
	*Infectious		*Infectious
	**Viruses		**Viruses
			***[[Herpes simplex encephalitis\|Herpes simplex virus]]
			***[[Varicella-zoster virus]]
	***[[Enteroviruses]]		***[[Enteroviruses]]
	***[[Eastern equine encephalitis\|Eastern]] or [[Western equine encephalitis]], [[Japanese encephalitis]], [[Murray Valley encephalitis]], [[St. Louis encephalitis]], [[West Nile virus]]		***[[Eastern equine encephalitis\|Eastern]] or [[Western equine encephalitis]], [[Japanese encephalitis]], [[Murray Valley encephalitis]], [[St. Louis encephalitis]], [[West Nile virus]]
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	***''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''		***''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''
	***''[[Bayliscarias procyonis]]''		***''[[Bayliscarias procyonis]]''
	***Prion disease ([[CJD]])		***[[Prion disease]] ([[CJD]])
	*Non-infectious (including post-infectious)		*Non-infectious (including post-infectious)
	**Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)		**[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis]] (ADEM)
	**Vasculitis		**[[Vasculitis]]
	**Collagen vascular disorders		**[[Collagen vascular disorders]]
	**Paraneoplastic syndromes		**[[Paraneoplastic syndromes]]
			*'''Cryptogenic in 50-70%'''

	==Investigations==		==Investigations==

Aidan: /* Management */

2020-08-12T22:01:49Z

Management

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:01, 12 August 2020
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	*EEG is rarely helpful except to rule out non-convulsive status epilepticus		*EEG is rarely helpful except to rule out non-convulsive status epilepticus

	=== MRI ===		===MRI===
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!Finding		!Finding
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	==Management==		==Management==

	*~~Acyclovir~~ for suspected HSV or VZV encephalitis		*Empiric [[acyclovir]] 10 mg/kg IV q8h for suspected HSV or VZV encephalitis
			*Add [[doxycycline]] if [[Rickettsiae\|rickettsiosis]] or [[ehrlichiosis]] is possible

	[[Category:CNS infections]]		[[Category:CNS infections]]

Aidan: /* Investigations */

2020-08-12T22:00:36Z

Investigations

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:00, 12 August 2020
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	* Infection of the brain parenchyma causing clouding of the sensorium		*Infection of the brain parenchyma causing clouding of the sensorium
	* Some overlap with [[meningitis]]		*Some overlap with [[meningitis]]

	== Differential Diagnosis ==		==Differential Diagnosis==

	* Infectious		*Infectious
	** Viruses		**Viruses
	*** [[Enteroviruses]]		***[[Enteroviruses]]
	*** [[Eastern equine encephalitis\|Eastern]] or [[Western equine encephalitis]], [[Japanese encephalitis]], [[Murray Valley encephalitis]], [[St. Louis encephalitis]], [[West Nile virus]]		***[[Eastern equine encephalitis\|Eastern]] or [[Western equine encephalitis]], [[Japanese encephalitis]], [[Murray Valley encephalitis]], [[St. Louis encephalitis]], [[West Nile virus]]
	*** [[Rabies virus]]		***[[Rabies virus]]
	*** [[Hendra virus]]		***[[Hendra virus]]
	*** [[Nipah virus]]		***[[Nipah virus]]
	*** [[Tickborne encephalitis]], [[La Crosse virus]], [[Powassan virus]]		***[[Tickborne encephalitis]], [[La Crosse virus]], [[Powassan virus]]
	** Bacteria		**Bacteria
	*** ''[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]''		***''[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]''
	*** ''[[Listeria monocytogenes]]''		***''[[Listeria monocytogenes]]''
	*** ''[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]'' (Lyme disease)		***''[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]'' (Lyme disease)
	*** ''[[Coxiella burnetii]]''		***''[[Coxiella burnetii]]''
	*** ''[[Bartonella henselae]]'' or ''[[B. quintana]]''		***''[[Bartonella henselae]]'' or ''[[B. quintana]]''
	** Other		**Other
	*** ''[[Cryptococcus neoformans]]''		***''[[Cryptococcus neoformans]]''
	*** ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''		***''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''
	*** ''[[Bayliscarias procyonis]]''		***''[[Bayliscarias procyonis]]''
	*** Prion disease ([[CJD]])		***Prion disease ([[CJD]])
	* Non-infectious (including post-infectious)		*Non-infectious (including post-infectious)
	** Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)		**Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
	** Vasculitis		**Vasculitis
	** Collagen vascular disorders		**Collagen vascular disorders
	** Paraneoplastic syndromes		**Paraneoplastic syndromes

	== Investigations ==		==Investigations==

	* Lumbar puncture for viral culture or PCR		*Lumbar puncture for viral culture or PCR
	* MRI is the best neuroimaging; CT if MRI not available		*MRI is the best neuroimaging; CT if MRI not available
	* EEG is rarely helpful except to rule out non-convulsive status epilepticus		*EEG is rarely helpful except to rule out non-convulsive status epilepticus

	== ~~Management~~ ==		=== MRI ===
			{\| class="wikitable"
			!Finding
			!Differential Diagnosis
			\|-
			\|arteritis and infarctions
			\|[[Varicella-zoster virus]], [[Nipah virus]], [[Rickettsia rickettsii]], [[Treponema pallidum pallidum]]
			\|-
			\|calcifications
			\|[[CMV]] (cortical), [[Toxoplasma]] (periventricular), [[Taenia solium]]
			\|-
			\|cerebellar lesions
			\|[[VZV]], [[EBV]], [[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]
			\|-
			\|basal ganglia, thalamus, or brainstem lesions
			\|[[EBV]], [[eastern equine encephalitis virus]], [[Murray Valley encephalitis virus]], [[St. Louis encephalitis virus]], [[Japanese encephalitis virus]], [[West Nile virus]], [[enterovirus]] A71, [[influenza virus]], [[prion disease]], [[Tropheryma whipplei]], [[Listeria monocytogenes]]
			\|-
			\|hydrocephalus
			\|[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]], [[Cryptococcus neoformans]], [[Coccidioides immitis]], [[Histoplasma capsulatum]], [[Balamuthia mandrillaris]]
			\|-
			\|space-occupying lesions
			\|[[Toxoplasma gondii]], [[Balamuthia mandrillaris]], [[Acanthamoeba species]], [[Taenia solium]]
			\|-
			\|subependymal enhancement
			\|[[CMV]]
			\|-
			\|temporal or frontal lobe involvement
			\|[[HSV]], [[VZV]], [[HHV-6]], [[West Nile virus]], [[enterovirus]], [[Treponema pallidum pallidum]] (medial lobes)
			\|-
			\|white matter abnormalities
			\|[[VZV]], [[CMV]], [[EBV]], [[HHV-6]], [[HIV]], [[Nipah virus]], [[JC virus]], [[measles virus]], [[Baylisascaris procyonis]], [[acute disseminated encephalomyelitis]]
			\|}

			==Management==
⚫	* Acyclovir for suspected HSV or VZV encephalitis

		⚫	*Acyclovir for suspected HSV or VZV encephalitis

	[[Category:CNS infections]]		[[Category:CNS infections]]

Aidan: linkified

2019-09-15T22:32:58Z

linkified

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:32, 15 September 2019
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	* Infection of the brain parenchyma causing clouding of the sensorium		* Infection of the brain parenchyma causing clouding of the sensorium
	* Some overlap with [[~~Meningitis\|~~meningitis]]		* Some overlap with [[meningitis]]

	= Differential Diagnosis =		== Differential Diagnosis ==

	* Infectious		* Infectious
	** Viruses		** Viruses
	*** Enteroviruses		*** [[Enteroviruses]]
	*** Eastern or Western equine encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile virus		*** [[Eastern equine encephalitis\|Eastern]] or [[Western equine encephalitis]], [[Japanese encephalitis]], [[Murray Valley encephalitis]], [[St. Louis encephalitis]], [[West Nile virus]]
	*** Rabies		*** [[Rabies virus]]
	*** Hendra virus		*** [[Hendra virus]]
	*** Nipah virus		*** [[Nipah virus]]
	*** Tickborne encephalitis, La Crosse virus, Powassan virus		*** [[Tickborne encephalitis]], [[La Crosse virus]], [[Powassan virus]]
	** Bacteria		** Bacteria
	*** ''Mycoplasma pneumoniae''		*** ''[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]''
	*** ''Listeria monocytogenes''		*** ''[[Listeria monocytogenes]]''
	*** ''Borrelia burgdorferi'' (Lyme disease)		*** ''[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]'' (Lyme disease)
	*** ''Coxiella burnetii''		*** ''[[Coxiella burnetii]]''
	*** ''Bartonella henselae'' or ''B. quintana''		*** ''[[Bartonella henselae]]'' or ''[[B. quintana]]''
	** Other		** Other
	*** ''Cryptococcus neoformans''		*** ''[[Cryptococcus neoformans]]''
	*** ''Toxoplasma gondii''		*** ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''
	*** ''Bayliscarias procyonis''		*** ''[[Bayliscarias procyonis]]''
	*** Prion disease (CJD)		*** Prion disease ([[CJD]])
	* Non-infectious (including post-infectious)		* Non-infectious (including post-infectious)
	** Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)		** Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
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	** Paraneoplastic syndromes		** Paraneoplastic syndromes

	= Investigations =		== Investigations ==

	* Lumbar puncture for viral culture or PCR		* Lumbar puncture for viral culture or PCR
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	* EEG is rarely helpful except to rule out non-convulsive status epilepticus		* EEG is rarely helpful except to rule out non-convulsive status epilepticus

	= Management =		== Management ==

	* Acyclovir for ~~syspected~~ HSV or VZV encephalitis		* Acyclovir for suspected HSV or VZV encephalitis

	[[Category:CNS infections]]		[[Category:CNS infections]]

Aidan at 17:31, 12 August 2019

2019-08-12T17:31:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:31, 12 August 2019
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	= Encephalitis =

	== Definition ==

	* Infection of the brain parenchyma causing clouding of the sensorium		* Infection of the brain parenchyma causing clouding of the sensorium
	* Some overlap with [[Meningitis~~/Meningitis.md~~\|meningitis]]		* Some overlap with [[Meningitis\|meningitis]]

	== Differential Diagnosis ==		= Differential Diagnosis =

	* Infectious		* Infectious
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	** Paraneoplastic syndromes		** Paraneoplastic syndromes

	== Investigations ==		= Investigations =

	* Lumbar puncture for viral culture or PCR		* Lumbar puncture for viral culture or PCR
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	* EEG is rarely helpful except to rule out non-convulsive status epilepticus		* EEG is rarely helpful except to rule out non-convulsive status epilepticus

	== Management ==		= Management =

	* Acyclovir for syspected HSV or VZV encephalitis		* Acyclovir for syspected HSV or VZV encephalitis

			[[Category:CNS infections]]

Aidan: Aidan moved page CNS to Encephalitis without leaving a redirect

2019-08-12T17:31:10Z

Aidan moved page CNS to Encephalitis without leaving a redirect

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:31, 12 August 2019
(No difference)

Maintenance script: Imported from text file

2019-08-11T17:58:16Z

Imported from text file

New page

= Encephalitis =

== Definition ==

* Infection of the brain parenchyma causing clouding of the sensorium
* Some overlap with [[Meningitis/Meningitis.md|meningitis]]

== Differential Diagnosis ==

* Infectious
** Viruses
*** Enteroviruses
*** Eastern or Western equine encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile virus
*** Rabies
*** Hendra virus
*** Nipah virus
*** Tickborne encephalitis, La Crosse virus, Powassan virus
** Bacteria
*** ''Mycoplasma pneumoniae''
*** ''Listeria monocytogenes''
*** ''Borrelia burgdorferi'' (Lyme disease)
*** ''Coxiella burnetii''
*** ''Bartonella henselae'' or ''B. quintana''
** Other
*** ''Cryptococcus neoformans''
*** ''Toxoplasma gondii''
*** ''Bayliscarias procyonis''
*** Prion disease (CJD)
* Non-infectious (including post-infectious)
** Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
** Vasculitis
** Collagen vascular disorders
** Paraneoplastic syndromes

== Investigations ==

* Lumbar puncture for viral culture or PCR
* MRI is the best neuroimaging; CT if MRI not available
* EEG is rarely helpful except to rule out non-convulsive status epilepticus

== Management ==

* Acyclovir for syspected HSV or VZV encephalitis